一、@Resource注解原理
@Resource可以标注在字段或属性的setter方法上
1. 如果指定了name属性, 那么就按name属性的名称装配;
2. 如果没有指定name属性, 那就按照默认的名称查找依赖对象;
3. 如果按默认名称查找不到依赖对象, 那么@Resource注解就会回退到按类型装配;
① 先写一个自己的@MyResource:
- import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
- import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
- import java.lang.annotation.Target;
- import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) // 指定注解保留的范围 (运行期)
- @Target({ ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD }) // 允许注解标注的位置 (属性, 方法)
- public @interface MyResource {
- public String name() default ""; // 提供name属性
- }
- import java.beans.Introspector;
- import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
- import org.apache.commons.beanutils.ConvertUtils;
- import org.dom4j.Document;
- import org.dom4j.Element;
- import org.dom4j.XPath;
- import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
- /**
- * Spring Bean Factory
- */
- public class ClassPathXMLApplicationContext {
- private List<BeanDefinition> beanDefines = new ArrayList<BeanDefinition>();
- private Map<String, Object> sigletons = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- public ClassPathXMLApplicationContext(String filename) {
- this.readXML(filename);
- this.instanceBeans();
- this.annotationInject();
- this.injectObject();
- }
- /**
- * 通过注解实现注入依赖对象
- */
- private void annotationInject() {
- for (String beanName : sigletons.keySet()) { // 循环所有的Bean对象
- Object bean = sigletons.get(beanName);
- if (bean != null) {
- try {
- // 查找属性的setter上是否有注解
- PropertyDescriptor[] ps = Introspector.getBeanInfo(bean.getClass()).getPropertyDescriptors();
- for (PropertyDescriptor properdesc : ps) { // 循环所有属性
- Method setter = properdesc.getWriteMethod();// 获取属性的setter方法
- if (setter != null && setter.isAnnotationPresent(MyResource.class)) { // 判断MyResource注解是否存在
- MyResource resource = setter.getAnnotation(MyResource.class);
- Object injectBean = null;
- if (resource.name() != null && !"".equals(resource.name())) {
- injectBean = sigletons.get(resource.name()); // 通过MyResource注解的name属性获取Bean
- } else {
- injectBean = sigletons.get(properdesc.getName());
- if (injectBean == null) { // 没有指定name属性, 根据属性名称进行寻找
- for (String key : sigletons.keySet()) {
- // 根据属性类型进行寻找
- if (properdesc.getPropertyType().isAssignableFrom(sigletons.get(key).getClass())) {
- injectBean = sigletons.get(key);
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- setter.setAccessible(true);
- setter.invoke(bean, injectBean);// 把引用对象注入到属性
- }
- }
- // 查找字段上是否有注解
- Field[] fields = bean.getClass().getDeclaredFields(); // 取得声明的所有字段
- for (Field field : fields) {
- if (field.isAnnotationPresent(MyResource.class)) { // 判断字段上是否存在MyResource注解
- MyResource resource = field.getAnnotation(MyResource.class);
- Object value = null;
- if (resource.name() != null && !"".equals(resource.name())) { // 判断是否指定name属性
- value = sigletons.get(resource.name());
- } else {
- value = sigletons.get(field.getName()); // 没有指定name属性,那么根据字段名称寻找
- if (value == null) {
- for (String key : sigletons.keySet()) {
- // 根据字段类型进行寻找
- if (field.getType().isAssignableFrom(sigletons.get(key).getClass())) {
- value = sigletons.get(key);
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- field.setAccessible(true);// 允许访问private字段
- field.set(bean, value);
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 为bean对象的属性注入值
- */
- private void injectObject() {
- for (BeanDefinition beanDefinition : beanDefines) {
- Object bean = sigletons.get(beanDefinition.getId());
- if (bean != null) {
- try {
- PropertyDescriptor[] ps = Introspector.getBeanInfo(bean.getClass()).getPropertyDescriptors();
- for (PropertyDefinition propertyDefinition : beanDefinition.getPropertys()) {
- for (PropertyDescriptor properdesc : ps) {
- if (propertyDefinition.getName().equals(properdesc.getName())) {
- Method setter = properdesc.getWriteMethod(); // 获取属性的setter方法
- if (setter != null) {
- Object injectBean = null;
- if (propertyDefinition.getRef() != null && !"".equals(propertyDefinition.getRef().trim())) {
- injectBean = sigletons.get(propertyDefinition.getRef());
- } else {
- injectBean = ConvertUtils.convert(propertyDefinition.getValue(), properdesc.getPropertyType());
- }
- setter.setAccessible(true); // private method
- setter.invoke(bean, injectBean); // 把引用对象注入到属性
- }
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 完成bean的实例化
- */
- private void instanceBeans() {
- for (BeanDefinition beanDefinition : beanDefines) {
- try {
- if (beanDefinition.getClassName() != null && !"".equals(beanDefinition.getClassName().trim()))
- sigletons.put(beanDefinition.getId(), Class.forName(beanDefinition.getClassName()).newInstance());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 读取xml配置文件
- *
- * @param filename
- */
- private void readXML(String filename) {
- SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
- Document document = null;
- try {
- URL xmlpath = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(filename);
- document = saxReader.read(xmlpath);
- Map<String, String> nsMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
- nsMap.put("ns", "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans");// 加入命名空间
- XPath xsub = document.createXPath("//ns:beans/ns:bean");// 创建beans/bean查询路径
- xsub.setNamespaceURIs(nsMap);// 设置命名空间
- List<Element> beans = xsub.selectNodes(document);// 获取文档下所有bean节点
- for (Element element : beans) {
- String id = element.attributeValue("id");// 获取id属性值
- String clazz = element.attributeValue("class"); // 获取class属性值
- BeanDefinition beanDefine = new BeanDefinition(id, clazz);
- XPath propertysub = element.createXPath("ns:property");
- propertysub.setNamespaceURIs(nsMap);// 设置命名空间
- List<Element> propertys = propertysub.selectNodes(element);
- for (Element property : propertys) {
- String propertyName = property.attributeValue("name");
- String propertyRef = property.attributeValue("ref");
- String propertyValue = property.attributeValue("value");
- PropertyDefinition propertyDefinition = new PropertyDefinition(propertyName, propertyRef, propertyValue);
- beanDefine.getPropertys().add(propertyDefinition);
- }
- beanDefines.add(beanDefine);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- /**
- * 获取bean实例
- *
- * @param beanName
- * @return
- */
- public Object getBean(String beanName) {
- return this.sigletons.get(beanName);
- }
- }
③ beans.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
- <context:annotation-config />
- <bean id="personDao" class="com.zdp.dao.impl.PersonDaoImpl" />
- <bean id="personService" class="com.zdp.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl" />
- </beans>
- import com.zdp.dao.PersonDao;
- import com.zdp.myspring.MyResource;
- import com.zdp.service.PersonService;
- public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService {
- private PersonDao personDao;
- @MyResource(name="personDao")
- public void setPersonDao(PersonDao personDao) {
- this.personDao = personDao;
- }
- public void save() {
- personDao.save();
- }
- }
- import org.junit.Test;
- import com.zdp.service.PersonService;
- import com.zdp.myspring.ClassPathXMLApplicationContext;
- public class PersonServiceImplTest {
- @Test
- public void testSave() {
- ClassPathXMLApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXMLApplicationContext("beans.xml");
- PersonService personService = (PersonService)ctx.getBean("personService");
- personService.save();
- }
- }
二、spring注解注入
① 引入common-annotations.jar
② 在xml中做如下配置:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
- <context:annotation-config />
- </beans>
③ 在Java代码中使用@Autowired或@Resource注解方式进行装配
二者区别: @Autowired默认按类型装配, @Resource默认按名称装配, 当找不到与名称匹配的Bean才会按类型匹配.
- @Resource // 配置在属性上
- private PersonDao personDao;
- @Resource(name="personDao") // 名称通过@Resource的name属性指定
- private PersonDao personDao;
- @Resource // 配置在setter方法上
- public void setPersonDao(PersonDao personDao) {
- this.personDao = personDao;
- }
@Autowired注解是按类型装配依赖对象, 默认情况下它要求依赖对象必须存在,
如果允许null值, 可以设置required=false
如果想使用按名称装配, 可以结合@Qualifier注解一起使用
- @Autowired @Qualifier("personDao")
- private PersonDao personDao
三、spring自动扫描和管理Bean
前面的例子都是使用xml的bean定义来配置组件, 在一个稍大的项目中, 通常会有上百个组件, 如果这些组件都采用xml的bean定义来配置, 显然会增加配置文件的体积, 查找及维护起来也不太方便.
spring2.5为我们引入了组件自动扫描机制, 它可以在类路径下寻找标注了@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Reponsitory注解的类, 并把这些类纳入进spring容器中管理. 它的作用和在xml中使用bean节点配置组件是一样的.
① beans.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.zdp"/>
- <!-- base-package为需要扫描的包(含子包) -->
- </beans>
- @Service("personService")
- @Scope("singleton")
- public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService {
- private PersonDao personDao;
- @Resource(name="personDao")
- public void setPersonDao(PersonDao personDao) {
- this.personDao = personDao;
- }
- @PostConstruct
- public void init(){
- System.out.println("init..");
- }
- @PreDestroy
- public void destory(){
- System.out.println("destory..");
- }
- public void save() {
- personDao.save();
- }
- }
@Service通常用于标注业务层组件;
@Repository通常用于标注数据访问组件, 即DAO组件;
@Component泛指组件, 当组件不好归类的时候, 我们可以使用这个注解进行标注;
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