springmvc拦截器

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前言

SpringMVC框架中的拦截器用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理的技术。
可以定义拦截器链，连接器链就是将拦截器按着一定的顺序结成一条链，在访问被拦截的方法时，拦截器链中的拦截器会按着定义的顺序执行。

一、拦截器和过滤器

• 过滤器 是基于函数回调的，拦截器 则是基于Java的反射机制（动态代理）实现的。

• 过滤器是Servlet规范的一部分，任何框架都可以使用过滤器技术，拦截器是SpringMVC框架独有的。

• 过滤器配置了/*，可以拦截任何资源，拦截器只会对控制器中的方法进行拦截。

• 过滤器和拦截器都是AOP思想的一种实现方式，想要自定义拦截器，需要实现HandlerInterceptor接口。

二、使用步骤

1.导入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.wmj</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringMVCInterceptor</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>SpringMVCInterceptor Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.24</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>1.18.24</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.13.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>

  </build>
</project>

2.编写拦截器

package com.wmj.handler;


import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * --效率，是成功的核心关键--
 *
 * @Author lzl
 * @Date 2023/2/16 10:46
 */

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("拦截器生效");
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("controller调用之后执行");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("最后执行");
    }
}

3.配置xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- bean definitions here -->

    <!-- springmvc三大组件 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 放行静态资源：html，css，js... -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!-- 扫描对应包下的注解 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wmj"/>

    <!--        &lt;!&ndash; 视图解析器，根据需求配置 &ndash;&gt;-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 配置前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp"></property>
        <!-- 配置后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置拦截器-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/login/*"/>
            <!--此处，是配置所有login下的方法，不写/* 则不生效-->
            <bean class="com.wmj.handler.MyInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
</beans>

4.编写测试控制器

拦截测试

package com.wmj.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * --效率，是成功的核心关键--
 *
 * @Author lzl
 * @Date 2023/2/16 10:56
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/inter")
public class InterceptorController {
    @RequestMapping("/demo")
    public String demo(){
        return "/sueecss";
    }
}

放行测试

package com.wmj.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * --效率，是成功的核心关键--
 *
 * @Author lzl
 * @Date 2023/2/16 10:45
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/login")
public class LoginController {
    @RequestMapping("/demo")
    public String demo(){
        return "/success";
    }
}

5、web.xml配置

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <!-- 配置前端控制器 -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

    <!-- 加载springmvc配置文件 -->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

6、jsp页面

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 我是谁
  Date: 2023/2/16
  Time: 10:01
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
success
</body>
</html>

7、测试

拦截

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