LHF Objective-C语法（10）常用类型

1、字符串

//========================================================================
    /*字符串*/
    
    NSString *s1 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"You height is %d weight is %d",168,68];
    NSLog(s1);
    
    NSLog(@"The str length is %lu",[s1 length]);
    
    NSString *s2 = @"You Height Is 168 weight is 68";
    if([s2 isEqualToString:s1]==YES){
        NSLog(@"equal yes");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"equal no");
    }
    
    // 详细比较
    NSComparisonResult cr = [s2 compare:s1 options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch|NSNumericSearch];
    if(cr == NSOrderedSame){
        NSLog(@"Compare YES");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"Compare NO");
    }
    
    //判断前缀
    if([s1 hasPrefix:@"You"]){
        NSLog(@"hasPrefix YES");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"hasPrefix NO");
    }
    
    //判断s1中是否含有字符串height
    NSRange range = [s1 rangeOfString:@"height"];
    if(!(range.location ==NSNotFound)){
        NSLog(@"The \"height\" is located in %lu",range.location);
        NSLog(@"The \"height\" length is %lu",range.length);
    }
     
    //========================================================================
    
    //可变字符串
    NSMutableString *ms1 = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:100];
    [ms1 appendString:@"You height is "];
    [ms1 appendFormat:@"%d weight is %d",168,68];
    NSLog(@"%@",ms1);
                            
    NSRange r = [ms1 rangeOfString:@"weight is 68"];
    [ms1 deleteCharactersInRange:r];
    NSLog(@"%@",ms1);
    
    [pool release];
    return 0;

2、数组

      不能存储基本数据类型，如enum struct nil 。 只能存储对象 

NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];    
int count = [array count];    
for(int i=0;i<count;i++){        
	NSLog(@"%@",[array objectAtIndex:i]);    
}        
NSString *s = @"iphone,Android,windows7";    
array = [s componentsSeparatedByString:@","];    
s = [array componentsJoinedByString:@" "];    
NSLog(s);        

//可变数组    
NSMutableArray *mArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:10];    
[mArray addObject:@"Apple"];    
[mArray addObject:@"Google"];    
[mArray addObject:@"MicroSoft"];    
[mArray removeObjectAtIndex:2];    
s = [mArray componentsJoinedByString:@","];    
NSLog(s);        

//数组的迭代器    
NSEnumerator *e = [mArray objectEnumerator];    
id obj;    
while(obj=[e nextObject]){        
  NSLog(@"---%@---",obj);    
}        
for(NSString *ms in mArray){        
  NSLog(@"===%@===",ms);    
}

3、字典（哈希表），与JAVA中的Map类似

    //字典
    NSDictionary *dic = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"Apple", @"A",@"Google",@"G",nil];
    NSLog(@"%@",[dic objectForKey:@"A"]);
    
    NSMutableDictionary *mDic = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:10];
    [mDic setObject:@"Apple" forKey:@"A"];
    [mDic setObject:@"Google" forKey:@"G"];
    [mDic setObject:@"Window7" forKey:@"W"];
    [mDic removeObjectForKey:@"w"];
    
    
    for(id key in mDic){
        NSLog(@"%@:%@",key,[mDic objectForKey:key]);
    }
    
    NSEnumerator *keyEnum = [mDic keyEnumerator];
    id key;
    while(key=[keyEnum nextObject]){
        NSLog(@"---%@:%@---",key,[mDic objectForKey:key]);
    }

4、哈希Set，与JAVA中的HashSet是一致的

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Person : NSObject{
    int pid;
    NSString *name;
}

-(void) setPid:(int)pid;
-(void) setName:(NSString*) name;
-(id) pid;
-(NSString*) name;
@end

@implementation Person

-(void) setPid:(int)p{
    pid = p;
}
-(void) setName:(NSString*) n{
    [n retain];
    [name release];
    name = n;
}

-(id) pid{
    return pid;
}

-(NSString*) name{
    return name;
}

-(NSUInteger)hash{
    return pid+[name hash];
}

-(BOOL)isEqual:(id)p{
    if(pid==[p pid] && [name isEqualToString:[p name]]){
        return YES;
    }else{
        return NO;
    }
}
-(void) dealloc{
    [name release];
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

    //哈希Set
 Person *p1 = [[Person alloc] init]; [p1 setPid:1]; [p1 setName:@"Name1"]; Person *p2 = [[Person alloc] init]; [p2 setPid:1]; [p2 setName:@"Name1"]; Person *p3 = [[Person alloc] init]; [p3 setPid:3]; [p3 setName:@"Name3"]; NSSet *set = [NSSet
 setWithObjects:p1,p2,p3,nil]; NSEnumerator *e = [set objectEnumerator]; Person *p; while (p=[e nextObject]) { NSLog(@"%d",[p pid]); }

p1 和 p2实例相同，输出两个person的pid

5、封装类
前面的几个容器类都不能存放基本数据结构、enum、struct、nil 在JAVA中我们知道有封装类，例如：int--Integer  boolean--Boolean 
Cocoa 使用NSValue作为封装类




    NSNumber *n1 = [NSNumber numberWithChar:'A'];
 NSNumber *n2 = [NSNumber numberWithInt:100]; NSNumber *n3 = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:99.9F]; NSNumber *n4 = [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]; NSLog(@"%d",[n4 intValue]);



6、日期类型


    //获取当前时间
      NSDate *date = [NSDate date];
    //格式化一个字符串为日期
      NSCalendarDate *date2 = [NSCalendarDate  dateWithString:@"26 Apr 2008" calendarFormat:@"%d %b %Y"];
    //当前时间的前一天时间
      NSDate *date3 = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-24*60*60];

7、数据缓冲区
NSData（NSMutableData）类型来实现缓冲区，类似与Java的字节数组，用于存储二进制的数据类型

    const char *cs = "He is very height";
 NSData *data = [NSData dataWithBytes:cs length:strlen(cs)+1]; NSLog(@"%@",data);