DirectX 11 Tutorial 8 中文翻译版教程: 加载玛雅2011模型

最新推荐文章于 2020-09-21 21:55:58 发布

lanlankong

最新推荐文章于 2020-09-21 21:55:58 发布

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原英文版地址：http://www.rastertek.com/dx11tut08.html

本教程将介绍如何从玛雅2011导入静态三维模型。请注意，本教程将集中在玛雅，但它也适用于几乎任何其他3D建模软件包与一些细微的变化。
在之前的教程中，我们已经创建了自己的模型格式，并使用该格式渲染了三维模型。现在的目标是将maya 2011模型转换为我们的格式并渲染它们。我将不再讨论如何在玛雅建立3D对象的模型，因为网上已经有数百个教程专门针对这个问题，我们将从一个纹理化和三角化的3D模型准备好导出的地方开始。
对于maya导出格式，我们将使用.obj格式，因为它易于阅读，并且对于初学者来说很好。
要以.obj格式导出模型，必须首先在maya中启用.obj导出器。单击“窗口”，然后“设置/首选项”，然后“插件管理器”。向下滚动到objexport.mll并选择“已加载”和“自动加载”。现在要以这种格式导出模型，请单击“文件”，然后单击“全部导出”。现在在底部选择“文件类型：”，向下滚动并选择“objexport”。给它一个文件名，点击“全部导出”，它将把它导出到一个扩展名为.obj的文本文件中。要查看该文件，可以右键单击并选择“打开方式”，然后选择“写字板”来读取该文件。然后您将看到如下内容：

Cube.obj

# This file uses centimeters as units for non-parametric coordinates.

mtllib cube.mtl
g default
v -0.500000 -0.500000 0.500000
v 0.500000 -0.500000 0.500000
v -0.500000 0.500000 0.500000
v 0.500000 0.500000 0.500000
v -0.500000 0.500000 -0.500000
v 0.500000 0.500000 -0.500000
v -0.500000 -0.500000 -0.500000
v 0.500000 -0.500000 -0.500000
vt 0.001992 0.001992
vt 0.998008 0.001992
vt 0.001992 0.998008
vt 0.998008 0.998008
vt 0.001992 0.001992
vt 0.998008 0.001992
vt 0.001992 0.998008
vt 0.998008 0.998008
vt 0.001992 0.001992
vt 0.998008 0.001992
vt 0.001992 0.998008
vt 0.998008 0.998008
vt 0.001992 0.001992
vt 0.998008 0.001992
vt 0.001992 0.998008
vt 0.998008 0.998008
vt 0.001992 0.001992
vt 0.998008 0.001992
vt 0.001992 0.998008
vt 0.998008 0.998008
vt 0.998008 0.998008
vt 0.001992 0.998008
vt 0.998008 0.001992
vt 0.001992 0.001992
vn 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
vn 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
vn 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
vn 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
vn 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
vn 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
vn 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
vn 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
vn 0.000000 0.000000 -1.000000
vn 0.000000 0.000000 -1.000000
vn 0.000000 0.000000 -1.000000
vn 0.000000 0.000000 -1.000000
vn 0.000000 -1.000000 0.000000
vn 0.000000 -1.000000 0.000000
vn 0.000000 -1.000000 0.000000
vn 0.000000 -1.000000 0.000000
vn 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
vn 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
vn 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
vn 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
vn -1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
vn -1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
vn -1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
vn -1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
s 1
g pCube1
usemtl file1SG
f 1/1/1 2/2/2 3/3/3
f 3/3/3 2/2/2 4/4/4
s 2
f 3/13/5 4/14/6 5/15/7
f 5/15/7 4/14/6 6/16/8
s 3
f 5/21/9 6/22/10 7/23/11
f 7/23/11 6/22/10 8/24/12
s 4
f 7/17/13 8/18/14 1/19/15
f 1/19/15 8/18/14 2/20/16
s 5
f 2/5/17 8/6/18 4/7/19
f 4/7/19 8/6/18 6/8/20
s 6
f 7/9/21 1/10/22 5/11/23
f 5/11/23 1/10/22 3/12/24

这个.obj文件代表三维立方体模型。它有8 vertices矢量纹理坐标和normal vectors，共12面6面。检查文件时，可以忽略每一行，除非它以"V", “VT”, “VN”, 或者 "F"开头。将.obj转换为我们的文件格式不需要文件中的额外信息。让我们看看每一行的重要含义：

“V” 行代表顶点。立方体由立方体八个角的8个顶点组成。每个都以x、y、z浮点格式列出。
“VT” 行代表纹理坐标。立方体有24个纹理坐标，其中大部分是重复的，因为它记录了立方体模型中每个三角形的每个顶点。它们以tu，tv float格式列出。
“VN” 直线代表法向量。多维数据集有24个法向量，其中大部分都是重复的，因为它记录了多维数据集模型中每个三角形的每个顶点。它们以nx、ny、nz float格式列出。
“F” 行代表立方体模型中的每个三角形（面）。列出的值是指向顶点、纹理坐标和法向量的索引。每个面的格式为：
f垂直1/纹理1/正常1垂直2/纹理2/正常2垂直3/纹理3/正常3
所以一条写着“F 3/13/5 4/14/6 5/15/7”的线，然后翻译成“Vertex3/Texture13/Normal5 Vertex4/Texture14/Normal6 Vertex5/Texture15/Normal7”。
数据在.obj文件中列出的顺序非常重要。例如，文件中的第一个顶点对应于面列表中的顶点1。纹理坐标和法线也是如此。
查看.Obf文件中的面部线条，注意每行的三个索引组生成一个单独的三角形。在这个立方体模型中，12个面组成立方体的6个边，每边有2个三角形。

从右向左转换
默认情况下，maya 2011是右手坐标系，并以右手坐标导出.obj文件数据。若要将该数据转换为左手系统，默认情况下，DirectX 11必须执行以下操作：

Invert the Z coordinate vertices. In the code you will see it do this: vertices[vertexIndex].z = vertices[vertexIndex].z * -1.0f;
Invert the TV texture coordinate. In the code you will see it do this: texcoords[texcoordIndex].y = 1.0f - texcoords[texcoordIndex].y;
Invert the NZ normal vertex. In the code you will see it do this: normals[normalIndex].z = normals[normalIndex].z * -1.0f;
Convert the drawing order from counter clockwise to clockwise. In the code I simply read in the indexes in reverse order instead of re-organizing it after the fact:
fin >> faces[faceIndex].vIndex3 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].tIndex3 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].nIndex3;
fin >> faces[faceIndex].vIndex2 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].tIndex2 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].nIndex2;
fin >> faces[faceIndex].vIndex1 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].tIndex1 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].nIndex1;
With those four steps complete the model data will be ready for DirectX 11 to render correctly.

Main.cpp
将maya 2011.obj文件转换为directx 11格式的程序相当简单，是一个名为main.cpp的单个程序文件。它打开一个命令提示，并询问要转换的.obj文件的名称。一旦用户输入了名称，它将尝试打开文件并读取数据计数，并构建读取数据所需的结构。之后，它将数据读入这些结构，并将其转换成左手系统。完成后，它将数据写入model.txt文件。然后，可以重命名该文件，并使用上一教程中的三维模型渲染项目在Directx11中进行渲染。


// Filename: main.cpp



//
// INCLUDES //
//
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;


//
// TYPEDEFS //
//
typedef struct
{
	float x, y, z;
}VertexType;

typedef struct
{
	int vIndex1, vIndex2, vIndex3;
	int tIndex1, tIndex2, tIndex3;
	int nIndex1, nIndex2, nIndex3;
}FaceType;


/
// FUNCTION PROTOTYPES //
/
void GetModelFilename(char*);
bool ReadFileCounts(char*, int&, int&, int&, int&);
bool LoadDataStructures(char*, int, int, int, int);


//
// MAIN PROGRAM //
//
int main()
{
	bool result;
	char filename[256];
	int vertexCount, textureCount, normalCount, faceCount;
	char garbage;


	// Read in the name of the model file.
	GetModelFilename(filename);

	// Read in the number of vertices, tex coords, normals, and faces so that the data structures can be initialized with the exact sizes needed.
	result = ReadFileCounts(filename, vertexCount, textureCount, normalCount, faceCount);
	if(!result)
	{
		return -1;
	}

	// Display the counts to the screen for information purposes.
	cout << endl;
	cout << "Vertices: " << vertexCount << endl;
	cout << "UVs:      " << textureCount << endl;
	cout << "Normals:  " << normalCount << endl;
	cout << "Faces:    " << faceCount << endl;

	// Now read the data from the file into the data structures and then output it in our model format.
	result = LoadDataStructures(filename, vertexCount, textureCount, normalCount, faceCount);
	if(!result)
	{
		return -1;
	}

	// Notify the user the model has been converted.
	cout << "\nFile has been converted." << endl;
	cout << "\nDo you wish to exit (y/n)? ";
	cin >> garbage;

	return 0;
}


void GetModelFilename(char* filename)
{
	bool done;
	ifstream fin;


	// Loop until we have a file name.
	done = false;
	while(!done)
	{
		// Ask the user for the filename.
		cout << "Enter model filename: ";

		// Read in the filename.
		cin >> filename;

		// Attempt to open the file.
		fin.open(filename);

		if(fin.good())
		{
			// If the file exists and there are no problems then exit since we have the file name.
			done = true;
		}
		else
		{
			// If the file does not exist or there was an issue opening it then notify the user and repeat the process.
			fin.clear();
			cout << endl;
			cout << "File " << filename << " could not be opened." << endl << endl;
		}
	}

	return;
}


bool ReadFileCounts(char* filename, int& vertexCount, int& textureCount, int& normalCount, int& faceCount)
{
	ifstream fin;
	char input;


	// Initialize the counts.
	vertexCount = 0;
	textureCount = 0;
	normalCount = 0;
	faceCount = 0;

	// Open the file.
	fin.open(filename);

	// Check if it was successful in opening the file.
	if(fin.fail() == true)
	{
		return false;
	}

	// Read from the file and continue to read until the end of the file is reached.
	fin.get(input);
	while(!fin.eof())
	{
		// If the line starts with 'v' then count either the vertex, the texture coordinates, or the normal vector.
		if(input == 'v')
		{
			fin.get(input);
			if(input == ' ') { vertexCount++; }
			if(input == 't') { textureCount++; }
			if(input == 'n') { normalCount++; }
		}

		// If the line starts with 'f' then increment the face count.
		if(input == 'f')
		{
			fin.get(input);
			if(input == ' ') { faceCount++; }
		}
		
		// Otherwise read in the remainder of the line.
		while(input != '\n')
		{
			fin.get(input);
		}

		// Start reading the beginning of the next line.
		fin.get(input);
	}

	// Close the file.
	fin.close();

	return true;
}


bool LoadDataStructures(char* filename, int vertexCount, int textureCount, int normalCount, int faceCount)
{
	VertexType *vertices, *texcoords, *normals;
	FaceType *faces;
	ifstream fin;
	int vertexIndex, texcoordIndex, normalIndex, faceIndex, vIndex, tIndex, nIndex;
	char input, input2;
	ofstream fout;


	// Initialize the four data structures.
	vertices = new VertexType[vertexCount];
	if(!vertices)
	{
		return false;
	}

	texcoords = new VertexType[textureCount];
	if(!texcoords)
	{
		return false;
	}

	normals = new VertexType[normalCount];
	if(!normals)
	{
		return false;
	}

	faces = new FaceType[faceCount];
	if(!faces)
	{
		return false;
	}

	// Initialize the indexes.
	vertexIndex = 0;
	texcoordIndex = 0;
	normalIndex = 0;
	faceIndex = 0;

	// Open the file.
	fin.open(filename);

	// Check if it was successful in opening the file.
	if(fin.fail() == true)
	{
		return false;
	}

	// Read in the vertices, texture coordinates, and normals into the data structures.
	// Important: Also convert to left hand coordinate system since Maya uses right hand coordinate system.
	fin.get(input);
	while(!fin.eof())
	{
		if(input == 'v')
		{
			fin.get(input);

			// Read in the vertices.
			if(input == ' ') 
			{ 
				fin >> vertices[vertexIndex].x >> vertices[vertexIndex].y >> vertices[vertexIndex].z;

				// Invert the Z vertex to change to left hand system.
				vertices[vertexIndex].z = vertices[vertexIndex].z * -1.0f;
				vertexIndex++; 
			}

			// Read in the texture uv coordinates.
			if(input == 't') 
			{ 
				fin >> texcoords[texcoordIndex].x >> texcoords[texcoordIndex].y;

				// Invert the V texture coordinates to left hand system.
				texcoords[texcoordIndex].y = 1.0f - texcoords[texcoordIndex].y;
				texcoordIndex++; 
			}

			// Read in the normals.
			if(input == 'n') 
			{ 
				fin >> normals[normalIndex].x >> normals[normalIndex].y >> normals[normalIndex].z;

				// Invert the Z normal to change to left hand system.
				normals[normalIndex].z = normals[normalIndex].z * -1.0f;
				normalIndex++; 
			}
		}

		// Read in the faces.
		if(input == 'f') 
		{
			fin.get(input);
			if(input == ' ')
			{
				// Read the face data in backwards to convert it to a left hand system from right hand system.
				fin >> faces[faceIndex].vIndex3 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].tIndex3 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].nIndex3
				    >> faces[faceIndex].vIndex2 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].tIndex2 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].nIndex2
				    >> faces[faceIndex].vIndex1 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].tIndex1 >> input2 >> faces[faceIndex].nIndex1;
				faceIndex++;
			}
		}

		// Read in the remainder of the line.
		while(input != '\n')
		{
			fin.get(input);
		}

		// Start reading the beginning of the next line.
		fin.get(input);
	}

	// Close the file.
	fin.close();

	// Open the output file.
	fout.open("model.txt");
	
	// Write out the file header that our model format uses.
	fout << "Vertex Count: " << (faceCount * 3) << endl;
	fout << endl;
	fout << "Data:" << endl;
	fout << endl;

	// Now loop through all the faces and output the three vertices for each face.
	for(int i=0; i<faceIndex; i++)
	{
		vIndex = faces[i].vIndex1 - 1;
		tIndex = faces[i].tIndex1 - 1;
		nIndex = faces[i].nIndex1 - 1;

		fout << vertices[vIndex].x << ' ' << vertices[vIndex].y << ' ' << vertices[vIndex].z << ' '
		     << texcoords[tIndex].x << ' ' << texcoords[tIndex].y << ' '
		     << normals[nIndex].x << ' ' << normals[nIndex].y << ' ' << normals[nIndex].z << endl;

		vIndex = faces[i].vIndex2 - 1;
		tIndex = faces[i].tIndex2 - 1;
		nIndex = faces[i].nIndex2 - 1;

		fout << vertices[vIndex].x << ' ' << vertices[vIndex].y << ' ' << vertices[vIndex].z << ' '
		     << texcoords[tIndex].x << ' ' << texcoords[tIndex].y << ' '
		     << normals[nIndex].x << ' ' << normals[nIndex].y << ' ' << normals[nIndex].z << endl;

		vIndex = faces[i].vIndex3 - 1;
		tIndex = faces[i].tIndex3 - 1;
		nIndex = faces[i].nIndex3 - 1;

		fout << vertices[vIndex].x << ' ' << vertices[vIndex].y << ' ' << vertices[vIndex].z << ' '
		     << texcoords[tIndex].x << ' ' << texcoords[tIndex].y << ' '
		     << normals[nIndex].x << ' ' << normals[nIndex].y << ' ' << normals[nIndex].z << endl;
	}

	// Close the output file.
	fout.close();

	// Release the four data structures.
	if(vertices)
	{
		delete [] vertices;
		vertices = 0;
	}
	if(texcoords)
	{
		delete [] texcoords;
		texcoords = 0;
	}
	if(normals)
	{
		delete [] normals;
		normals = 0;
	}
	if(faces)
	{
		delete [] faces;
		faces = 0;
	}

	return true;
}

总结
我们现在可以将maya 2011.obj文件转换为简单的模型格式。
11111111111111111111111111111111111
做练习
1。重新编译程序并使用提供的.obj模型文件运行它。
2。创建（或让其他人为您制作）一个maya 2011模型，并以.obj格式导出它，然后运行此程序来转换它。
三。将此代码转换为读入并导出您可能喜欢的其他模型格式。

（如果要看其他课的中文翻译版，请到我博客目录查找，我会抽时间把后续的课目都翻译出来，这取决于我有空闲时间。）
时间仓促，只是粗略翻译，可能有多处失误，请谅解。朋友如有发现哪里有错误，欢迎指正，联·系w新licheng16886

lanlankong

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DirectX 11 Tutorial 8 中文翻译版教程: 加载玛雅2011模型

原英文版地址：http://www.rastertek.com/dx11tut08.html本教程将介绍如何从玛雅2011导入静态三维模型。请注意，本教程将集中在玛雅，但它也适用于几乎任何其他3D建模软件包与一些细微的变化。在之前的教程中，我们已经创建了自己的模型格式，并使用该格式渲染了三维模型。现在的目标是将maya 2011模型转换为我们的格式并渲染它们。我将不再讨论如何在玛雅建立3D对象...
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