java序列化

    java通过serialVersionUID来控制对象的序列化、反序列化。当我们示设置serialVersionUID时，会通过类的名字、域的名字、方法的名字及已实现的接口生成一个隐式的serialVersionUID。所以类在后续的版本中，如果开发人员修改过代码，会引起serialVersionUID的值发生改变。这样原来的代码就无法向下兼容。例子如下：

package serial;

import java.io.Serializable;

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

/**
 * @author blmcz
 *
 */
public class Person implements Serializable {

	// private static final long serialVersionUID = -1313015104027874116L;

	private String name;
	private String birthday;
	private String sex;
	private String mobile;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}

	public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}

	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

	public String getMobile() {
		return mobile;
	}

	public void setMobile(String mobile) {
		this.mobile = mobile;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return JSONObject.fromObject(this).toString();
	}
}

package serial;

import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

public class SerializeUtils {

	public static void serialize(String fileName, Object o) {
		ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
		try {
			oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
			oos.writeObject(o);
			oos.close();
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public static <T> T deserialize(String fileName) {
		Object o = null;
		ObjectInputStream ois = null;
		try {
			ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(fileName));
			o = ois.readObject();
			ois.close();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (EOFException e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return (T) o;
	}
}

package serial;

import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * @author blmcz
 *
 */
public class SerializeTest {

	private static final String fileName = "F:\\Develop\\Projects\\Test\\src\\serial\\data\\student.data";

	// @Test
	public void write() {
		Person p1 = new Person();
		p1.setName("bmlcz");
		p1.setMobile("1866593XXXX");
		p1.setSex("男");
		p1.setBirthday("1985-10-08");
		SerializeUtils.serialize(fileName, p1);
	}

	@Test
	public void read() {
		Person p2 = SerializeUtils.deserialize(fileName);
		System.out.println(p2);
	}
}

例子中，通过write方法将person对象写入student.data文件，再通过read方法读出。我们稍微修改Person.java文件，如加入一个clazz字段后，再通过read方法，读取原来的student.data文件，程序抛出异常：

java.io.InvalidClassException: serial.Person; local class incompatible: stream classdesc serialVersionUID = -3920900594626140766, local class serialVersionUID = -5700869362952204388
	at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.initNonProxy(ObjectStreamClass.java:617)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readNonProxyDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1622)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readClassDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1517)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1771)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1350)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:370)
	at serial.SerializeUtils.deserialize(SerializeUtils.java:32)
	at serial.SerializeTest.read(SerializeTest.java:25)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)

我们把Person对象serialVersionUID注释打开，再执行read方法，运行结果如下：

{"birthday":"1985-10-08","clazz":"","mobile":"1866593XXXX","name":"","sex":"男"}

可以看到程序正常执行，并且读出的clazz字段为空。反序列后的时候，新类中新增的字段将被赋以默认值，去掉的字段将被忽略。