读《数据仓库工具箱：维度建模的完全指南》之第三章库存周转

Enhanced Inventory Facts
The simplistic view of inventory we developed in our periodic snapshot fact
table allows us to see a time series of inventory levels. For most inventory
analysis, quantity on hand isn’t enough. Quantity on hand needs to be used in
conjunction with additional facts to measure the velocity of inventory movement
and develop other interesting metrics such as the number of turns, number
of days’ supply, and gross margin return on inventory (GMROI,
pronounced “jem-roy”).
If we added quantity sold (or equivalently, quantity depleted or shipped if
we’re dealing with a warehouse location) to each inventory fact row, we could
calculate the number of turns and days’ supply. For daily inventory snapshots,
the number of turns measured each day is calculated as the quantity sold
divided by the quantity on hand. For an extended time span, such as a year,
the number of turns is the total quantity sold divided by the daily average
quantity on hand. The number of days’ supply is a similar calculation. Over a
time span, the number of days’ supply is the final quantity on hand divided by
the average quantity sold.

 

读了上边的原文，再读下下边的可能就可以理解了

 

二、库存周转率的评析

库存周转率对于企业的库存管理来说具有非常重要的意义。例如制造商，它的利益是由资金→原材料→产品→销售→资金的循环活动中产生的，如果这种循环很快也就是周转快时，在同额资金下的利益率也就高。因此，周转的速度代表了企业利益的测定值，被称为“库存周转率”。
对于库存周转率，没有绝对的评价标准，通常是同行业相互比较，或与企业内部的其他期间相比拟分析。库存绩效评价与分析，库存周转率是着重评价的内容。
（一）库存周转率的基本计算公式
库存周转率的计算公式，实际评价中可用如下公式进行计算：
库存周转率=（使用数量/库存数量）×100%
使用数量并不等于出库数量，因为出库数量包括一部分备用数量。除此之
外也有以金额计算库存周转率的。同样道理使用金额并不等于出库金额。
库存周转率=（使用金额/库存金额）×100%
使用金额也好，库存金额也好，是何时的金额，因此规定某个期限来研究金额时，需用下列算式：
库存周转率=（该期间的出库总金额/该期间的平均库存金额）×100%
=（该期间出库总金额×2/期初库存金额+ 期末库存金额）×100%

库存周转率计算公式是(以月平均库存周转率为例)：

1、原材料库存周转率＝月内出库的原材料总成本/原材料平均库存

2、在制库存周转率＝月内入库的成品物料成本/平均在制库存

3、成品库存周转率＝月销售物料成本/成品在库平均库存

例如：
Inventory Turnover
= Cost of goods sold/Average aggregate inventory value
= $160/$35
= 4.57
库存周转率 = 售出商品的成本 / 平均库存总值 = 160 / 35 = 4.57
Since the company is used to an inventory turnover of 10, a drop to 4.57 means
that the inventory is not turning over as quickly as it had in the past. Without
knowing the industry average of turns for this company it is not possible to
comment on how they are competitively doing in the industry.
由于该公司的库存周转率往年是10 , 这年降低至4.57 , 则意味着
它的库存周转没有以往那么快。如果不知道这家公司所在行业的
平均周转率，是不可能评论它在行业中有多少竞争力的。