转载:http://blog.csdn.net/allison162004/article/details/16116975
参考:http://www.iliunian.com/1105.html
一、NSDateNSDate存储的是世界标准时(UTC),输出时需要根据时区转换为本地时间, NSDate类提供了创建date,比较date以及计算两个date之间间隔的功能;Date对象是不可改变的。
如果你要创建date对象并表示当前日期,你可以alloc一个NSDate对象并调用init初始化。
NSDate *now = [[NSDate alloc] init];
或者使用NSDate的date类方法来创建一个日期对象。如果你需要与当前日期不同的日期,你可以使用NSDate的initWithTimeInterval或dateWithTimeInterval方法,你也可以使用更复杂的calendar或date components对象。
1)创建一定时间间隔的NSDate对象:
- NSTimeInterval secondsPerDay = 224 * 660 * 60;
- NSDate *tomorrow = [[NSDate alloc] initWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:secondsPerDay];
- NSDate *yesterday = [[NSDate alloc] initWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-secondsPerDay];
- [tomorrow release];
- [yesterday release];
- if fabs(([date2 timeIntervalSinceDate:date1]) < 60)
二、NSCalendar & NSDateComponents
日历对象封装了对系统日期的计算,包括这一年开始,总天数以及划分。你将使用日历对象对绝对日期与date components(包括年,月,日,时,分,秒)进行转换。
NSCalendar定义了不同的日历,包括佛教历,格里高利历等(这些都与系统提供的本地化设置相关)。NSCalendar与NSDateComponents对象紧密相关。你可以通过NSCalendar对象的currentCalendar方法来获得当前系统用户设置的日历。
- NSCalendar *currentCalendar = [NSCalendar currentCalendar];
- NSCalendar *japaneseCalendar = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSJapaneseCalendar];
- NSCalendar *usersCalendar = [[NSLocale currentLocale] objectForKey:NSLocaleCalendar];
你可以使用NSDateComponents对象来表示一个日期对象的组件——例如年,月,日和小时。如果要使一个NSDateComponents对象有意义,你必须将其与一个日历对象相关联。
- NSDateComponents *components = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
- [components setDay:6];
- [components setMonth:5];
- [components setYear:2004];
- NSInteger weekday = [components weekday]; // Undefined (== NSUndefinedDateComponent)
- NSDate *today = [NSDate date];
- NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
- NSDateComponents *weekdayComponents = [gregorian components:(NSDayCalendarUnit | NSWeekdayCalendarUnit) fromDate:today];
- NSInteger day = [weekdayComponents day];
- NSInteger weekday = [weekdayComponents weekday];
同样你也可以从NSDateComponents对象来创建NSDate对象:
- NSDateComponents *components = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
- [components setWeekday:2]; // Monday
- [components setWeekdayOrdinal:1]; // The first Monday in the month
- [components setMonth:5]; // May
- [components setYear:2008];
- NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
- NSDate *date = [gregorian dateFromComponents:components];
为了保证正确的行为,您必须确保使用的组件在日历上是有意义的。指定“出界”日历组件,如一个-6或2月30日在公历中的日期值产生未定义的行为。
你也可以创建一个不带年份的NSDate对象,这样的操作系统会自动生成一个年份,但在后面的代码中不会使用其自动生成的年份。
- NSDateComponents *components = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
- [components setMonth:11];
- [components setDay:7];
- NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
- NSDate *birthday = [gregorian dateFromComponents:components];
- NSDateComponents *comps = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
- [comps setDay:6];
- [comps setMonth:5];
- [comps setYear:2004];
- NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
- NSDate *date = [gregorian dateFromComponents:comps];
- [comps release];
- [gregorian release];
- NSCalendar *hebrew = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSHebrewCalendar];
- NSUInteger unitFlags = NSDayCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSYearCalendarUnit;
- NSDateComponents *components = [hebrew components:unitFlags fromDate:date];
- NSInteger day = [components day]; // 15
- NSInteger month = [components month]; // 9
- NSInteger year = [components year]; // 5764
- NSDate *today = [[NSDate alloc] init];
- NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
- NSDateComponents *offsetComponents = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
- [offsetComponents setHour:1];
- [offsetComponents setMinute:30];
- // Calculate when, according to Tom Lehrer, World War III will end
- NSDate *endOfWorldWar3 = [gregorian dateByAddingComponents:offsetComponents toDate:today options:0];
- NSDate *today = [[NSDate alloc] init];
- NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
- // Get the weekday component of the current date
- NSDateComponents *weekdayComponents = [gregorian components:NSWeekdayCalendarUnit fromDate:today];
- /*
- Create a date components to represent the number of days to subtract from the current date.
- The weekday value for Sunday in the Gregorian calendar is 1, so subtract 1 from the number of days to subtract from the date in question. (If today is Sunday, subtract 0 days.)
- */
- NSDateComponents *componentsToSubtract = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
- [componentsToSubtract setDay: 0 - ([weekdayComponents weekday] - 1)];
- NSDate *beginningOfWeek = [gregorian dateByAddingComponents:componentsToSubtract toDate:today options:0];
- /*
- Optional step:
- beginningOfWeek now has the same hour, minute, and second as the original date (today).
- To normalize to midnight, extract the year, month, and day components and create a new date from those components.
- */
- NSDateComponents *components = [gregorian components:(NSYearCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSDayCalendarUnit) fromDate: beginningOfWeek];
- beginningOfWeek = [gregorian dateFromComponents:components];
- NSDate *today = [[NSDate alloc] init];
- NSDate *beginningOfWeek = nil;
- BOOL ok = [gregorian rangeOfUnit:NSWeekCalendarUnit startDate:&beginningOfWeek interval:NULL forDate: today];
- 获得两个日期之间的间隔:
- NSDate *startDate = ...;
- NSDate *endDate = ...;
- NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
- NSUInteger unitFlags = NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSDayCalendarUnit;
- NSDateComponents *components = [gregorian components:unitFlags fromDate:startDate toDate:endDate options:0];
- NSInteger months = [components month];
- NSInteger days = [components day];
- @implementation NSCalendar (MySpecialCalculations)
- -(NSInteger)daysWithinEraFromDate:(NSDate *) startDate toDate:(NSDate *) endDate {
- NSInteger startDay=[self ordinalityOfUnit:NSDayCalendarUnit inUnit: NSEraCalendarUnit forDate:startDate];
- NSInteger endDay=[self ordinalityOfUnit:NSDayCalendarUnit inUnit: NSEraCalendarUnit forDate:endDate];
- return endDay-startDay;
- }
- @end <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span>
- @implementation NSCalendar (MyOtherMethod)
- -(NSInteger) daysFromDate:(NSDate *) startDate toDate:(NSDate *) endDate {
- NSCalendarUnit units=NSEraCalendarUnit | NSYearCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSDayCalendarUnit;
- NSDateComponents *comp1=[self components:units fromDate:startDate];
- NSDateComponents *comp2=[self components:units fromDate endDate];
- [comp1 setHour:12];
- [comp2 setHour:12];
- NSDate *date1=[self dateFromComponents: comp1];
- NSDate *date2=[self dateFromComponents: comp2];
- return [[self components:NSDayCalendarUnit fromDate:date1 toDate:date2 options:0] day];
- }
- @end
- -(BOOL)isDateThisWeek:(NSDate *)date {
- NSDate *start;
- NSTimeInterval extends;
- NSCalendar *cal=[NSCalendar autoupdatingCurrentCalendar];
- NSDate *today=[NSDate date];
- BOOL success= [cal rangeOfUnit:NSWeekCalendarUnit startDate:&start interval: &extends forDate:today];
- if(!success)
- return NO;
- NSTimeInterval dateInSecs = [date timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate];
- NSTimeInterval dayStartInSecs= [start timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate];
- if(dateInSecs > dayStartInSecs && dateInSecs < (dayStartInSecs+extends)){
- return YES;
- }
- else {
- return NO;
- }
- }
- NSDateFormatter*formatter = [[NSDateFormatteralloc] init];
- [formatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"];
- NSString *locationString=[formatter stringFromDate: [NSDate date]];
- -(NSString *)getDate
- {
- NSDateFormatter*formatter = [[NSDateFormatteralloc] init];
- [formatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd EEEE HH:mm:ss a"];
- NSString *locationString=[formatter stringFromDate: [NSDate date]];
- [formatter release];
- return locationString;
- }
不需要特别设置,只需要在dataFormat里设置类似”yyyy-MMM-dd”这样的格式就可以了
日期格式如下:
y 年 Year 1996; 96
M 年中的月份 Month July; Jul; 07
w 年中的周数 Number 27
W 月份中的周数 Number 2
D 年中的天数 Number 189
d 月份中的天数 Number 10
F 月份中的星期 Number 2
E 星期中的天数 Text Tuesday; Tue
a Am/pm 标记 Text PM
H 一天中的小时数(0-23) Number 0
k 一天中的小时数(1-24) Number 24
K am/pm 中的小时数(0-11) Number 0
h am/pm 中的小时数(1-12) Number 12
m 小时中的分钟数 Number 30
s 分钟中的秒数 Number 55
S 毫秒数 Number 978
z 时区 General time zone Pacific Standard Time; PST; GMT-08:00
Z 时区 RFC 822 time zone -0800
三、使用 NSTimeZone 取得世界各地时间的方法
NSLocale 区域对象封装了文化和语言约定,包括与时间相关的那些约定。
下列程式码将示范,如何利用 NSTimeZone 取得世界上已知的时区名称,并且透过这些名称来获得当地时间,如果在系统时间的取得上有任何疑问,可以参考取得 iOS 系统日期与星期的方法一文,其程式码如下。
- //取得目前已知的所有地里名称
- NSArray *timeZoneNames = [NSTimeZone knownTimeZoneNames];
- //取得本地目前时间
- NSDate *date = [NSDate date];
- for(NSString *name in timeZoneNames) {
- NSTimeZone *timezone = [[NSTimeZone alloc] initWithName:name];
- NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
- //设定时间格式
- [formatter setDateFormat:@"YYYY-MM-d HH:mm:ss"];
- //设定时区
- [formatter setTimeZone:timezone];
- //时间格式正规化并做时区校正
- NSString *correctDate = [formatter stringFromDate:date];
- NSLog(@"地点:%@ 当地时间:%@",[timezone name], correctDate);
- [formatter release];
- [timezone release];
- }
在之前的文章中已经说明如何取得 Device 里的 iOS 系统时间,在此将在示范如何使用 NSDate 取得系统的日期与星期,请看以下程式码。
- NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
- NSDate *date = [NSDate date];
- //正规化的格式设定
- [formatter setDateFormat:@"YYYY-MM-dd' 'EEEE"];
- //正规化取得的系统时间并显示
- dateLabel.text = [formatter stringFromDate:date];
3. 取得 iOS 系统时间的方法
如何取得 Device 里的 iOS 系统时间,可以参考以下程式码。
- NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
- NSDate *date = [NSDate date];
- //正规化的格式设定
- [formatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterFullStyle];
- //正规化取得的系统时间并显示
- timeLabel.text = [formatter stringFromDate:date];
- [formatter release];
- [formatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterFullStyle];
- [formatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterLongStyle];
- [formatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterMediumStyle];
- [formatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterShortStyle];