Drool是jboss的规则引擎, 老早就想看看了, 前断时间忙的一直没有时间.现在抽空学习一下.记录一下学习的心得体会, 也算给今年一个交代.
是
一. 环境配置.
最快的方法:
下载Drool的eclipse插件:
http://www.jboss.org/drools/downloads.html
此插件功能不错, 写rule很方便, 并且能创建 drool project, 所有依赖
的jar包都有包含,
二: hello world
晦涩的理论先放一边, 跑一个hello world再说:
- package com.sample;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.io.Reader;
- import org.drools.RuleBase;
- import org.drools.RuleBaseFactory;
- import org.drools.WorkingMemory;
- import org.drools.compiler.PackageBuilder;
- import org.drools.rule.Package;
- /**
- * This is a sample file to launch a rule package from a rule source file.
- */
- public class DroolsTest {
- public static final void main(String[] args) {
- try {
- //load up the rulebase
- RuleBase ruleBase = readRule();
- WorkingMemory workingMemory = ruleBase.newStatefulSession();
- //go !
- Message message = new Message();
- message.setMessage( "Hello World" );
- message.setStatus( Message.HELLO );
- workingMemory.insert( message );
- workingMemory.fireAllRules();
- } catch (Throwable t) {
- t.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- /**
- * Please note that this is the "low level" rule assembly API.
- */
- private static RuleBase readRule() throws Exception {
- //read in the source
- Reader source = new InputStreamReader( DroolsTest.class.getResourceAsStream( "/Sample.drl" ) );
- //optionally read in the DSL (if you are using it).
- //Reader dsl = new InputStreamReader( DroolsTest.class.getResourceAsStream( "/mylang.dsl" ) );
- //Use package builder to build up a rule package.
- //An alternative lower level class called "DrlParser" can also be used...
- PackageBuilder builder = new PackageBuilder();
- //this wil parse and compile in one step
- //NOTE: There are 2 methods here, the one argument one is for normal DRL.
- builder.addPackageFromDrl( source );
- //Use the following instead of above if you are using a DSL:
- //builder.addPackageFromDrl( source, dsl );
- //get the compiled package (which is serializable)
- Package pkg = builder.getPackage();
- //add the package to a rulebase (deploy the rule package).
- RuleBase ruleBase = RuleBaseFactory.newRuleBase();
- ruleBase.addPackage( pkg );
- return ruleBase;
- }
- public static class Message {
- public static final int HELLO = 0;
- public static final int GOODBYE = 1;
- public static final int GAME_OVER = 2;
- private String message;
- private int status;
- public String getMessage() {
- return this.message;
- }
- public void setMessage(String message) {
- this.message = message;
- }
- public int getStatus() {
- return this.status;
- }
- public void setStatus( int status ) {
- this.status = status;
- }
- }
- }
rule文件:
Sample.drl
- package com.sample
- import com.sample.DroolsTest.Message;
- rule "Hello World"
- when
- m : Message( status == Message.HELLO, message : message )
- then
- System.out.println( message );
- m.setMessage( "Goodbye cruel world" );
- m.setStatus( Message.GOODBYE );
- update( m );
- end
- rule "GoodBye"
- no-loop true
- when
- m : Message( status == Message.GOODBYE, message : message )
- then
- System.out.println( message );
- m.setStatus(Message.GAME_OVER);
- m.setMessage("game over now!");
- update( m );
- end
- rule "game over"
- when
- m : Message( status == Message.GAME_OVER)
- then
- System.out.println( m.getMessage() );
- end
- java代码就不说了, 简单解释一下rule文件:
- rule "Hello World"
- when
- m : Message( status == Message.HELLO, message : message )
- then
- System.out.println( message );
- m.setMessage( "Goodbye cruel world" );
- m.setStatus( Message.GOODBYE );
- update( m );
- end
java代码就不说了, 主要说明一下rule文件, 熟悉一下rule语法:
1:规则的主体结构:
rule "name"
ATTRIBUTES
when
LHS
then
RHS
end
其中:
LHS(left hand side)是规则的条件部分, RHS(right hand side)是条件满足后的自行块.
2: 条件的书写:
m : Message( status == Message.HELLO, message : message )
意思是:
在working Memory中, 如果有一个Message的instance满足如下条件:
它的status熟悉等于Message.HELLO.
满足条件的Message instance 用变量 m表示, 它的message属性用message变量表示, 以便在RHS中使用.
3: 条件满足后的自行块(RHS)
System.out.println( message );
m.setMessage( "Goodbye cruel world" );
m.setStatus( Message.GOODBYE );
update( m );
用到了在LHS中 定义的变量: m, message
update( m )表示把此Message instance在 working memory中更新.这便会触发名称为"GoodBye"的rule, 进而触发名称为"game over"的rule.
以下是drools提供的demo, 稍微整理了下, 可直接在eclipse中import进来
http://lcllcl987.javaeye.com/blog/255404
(前提: 下载并安装Drool的eclipse插件:Drools 4.0.7 Eclipse Workbench for 3.2 )
建议首先看看:
FibonacciExample: Fibonacci数列的drools实现.
GolfingExample: 著名的golf智力问题的drools实现,golf.drl的注释就是此问题的文字描述.
ShoppingExample: 一个shopping打折的demo, 超过100元, 有10元的折扣.
StateExampleUsingAgendGroup: By setting dynamic to TRUE, Drools will use JavaBean, PropertyChangeListeners so you don't have to call update().
StateExampleWithDynamicRules: 动态加载rule的一个demo(加载StateExampleUsingSalience.drl后在加载StateExampleDynamicRule.drl).
TroubleTicketExample:
使用了duration规则特性: 将指定的规则延迟一定时间运行
规则引擎是在另外一个线程中进行的,因此使用了duration特性可以将指定的规则延迟一定时间运行.
但是要注意的是主线程中也需要做相应的延时,否则主线程结束后不会再处理子线程的结果
salience 和 duration特性影响rule的执行顺序.
其次demo还定义了一个rule function.