最近闲的慌,听说思维迟缓是衰老的标志,.为了尽量保持年轻,我对java 2 jdk的JTree的应用做了一个翻译,首次尝试翻译,有许多不对的地方,还请高手指正.
怎样使用树结构(How to Use Trees)(一)
使用Jtree类,你可以展示有层次关系的数据.一个JTree的实例并不包含你的数据,它只是简单的展示一下你的数据而已.象其他的Swing组件一样,树通过查询它的数据模型得到数据,下面是关于树结构的图片:
如前所述,JTree垂直的展示它的数据.每一行展示一条树结构的数据,被称作一个”节点”每个树结构都有一个根节点,所有其它节点都由此派生而来.默认的,树结构将显示根节点,但是你也可以做另外的处理.一个节点可以拥有子节点,也可以没有子节点.我们提到的有子节点的节点,叫做分支节点.没有子节点的节点叫做叶节点(leaf nodes).分支节点可以拥有任意多的子节点.用户可以通过点击分支节点来折叠或者展开它----使它的子节点可见或者不可见.默认的,除开根节点的所有分支节点的初始状态都是折叠的.通过监听树结构的扩展事件,程序可以发现分支节点的扩展状态是否改变.
本文余下部分将讨论如下主题:
增加一个树结构
响应节点选择事件
个性花树结构的显示
动态改变树结构
增加一个数字模型
Tree API
使用树的一些例子
增加一个树结构
下面是一个应用的图片,上半部分在一个可滚动面板中展示了一个树结构
1:用Java Web Start运行TreeDemo.或者自己动手编译如下代码:
文件名称:TreeDemo.java
/**
* A 1.4 application that requires the following additional files:
* TreeDemoHelp.html
* arnold.html
* bloch.html
* chan.html
* jls.html
* swingtutorial.html
* tutorial.html
* tutorialcont.html
* vm.html
*/
import javax.swing.JEditorPane;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JSplitPane;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.JTree;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;
import javax.swing.tree.TreeSelectionModel;
import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionEvent;
import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionListener;
import java.net.URL;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
public class TreeDemo extends JPanel
implements TreeSelectionListener {
private JEditorPane htmlPane;
private JTree tree;
private URL helpURL;
private static boolean DEBUG = false;
//Optionally play with line styles. Possible values are
//"Angled" (the default), "Horizontal", and "None".
private static boolean playWithLineStyle = false;
private static String lineStyle = "Horizontal";
//Optionally set the look and feel.
private static boolean useSystemLookAndFeel = false;
public TreeDemo() {
super(new GridLayout(1,0));
//Create the nodes.
DefaultMutableTreeNode top =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode("The Java Series");
createNodes(top);
//Create a tree that allows one selection at a time.
tree = new JTree(top);
tree.getSelectionModel().setSelectionMode
(TreeSelectionModel.SINGLE_TREE_SELECTION);
//Listen for when the selection changes.
tree.addTreeSelectionListener(this);
if (playWithLineStyle) {
System.out.println("line style = " + lineStyle);
tree.putClientProperty("JTree.lineStyle", lineStyle);
}
//Create the scroll pane and add the tree to it.
JScrollPane treeView = new JScrollPane(tree);
//Create the HTML viewing pane.
htmlPane = new JEditorPane();
htmlPane.setEditable(false);
initHelp();
JScrollPane htmlView = new JScrollPane(htmlPane);
//Add the scroll panes to a split pane.
JSplitPane splitPane = new JSplitPane(JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT);
splitPane.setTopComponent(treeView);
splitPane.setBottomComponent(htmlView);
Dimension minimumSize = new Dimension(100, 50);
htmlView.setMinimumSize(minimumSize);
treeView.setMinimumSize(minimumSize);
splitPane.setDividerLocation(100); //XXX: ignored in some releases
//of Swing. bug 4101306
//workaround for bug 4101306:
//treeView.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(100, 100));
splitPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500, 300));
//Add the split pane to this panel.
add(splitPane);
}
/** Required by TreeSelectionListener interface. */
public void valueChanged(TreeSelectionEvent e) {
DefaultMutableTreeNode node = (DefaultMutableTreeNode)
tree.getLastSelectedPathComponent();
if (node == null) return;
Object nodeInfo = node.getUserObject();
if (node.isLeaf()) {
BookInfo book = (BookInfo)nodeInfo;
displayURL(book.bookURL);
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.print(book.bookURL + ": /n ");
}
} else {
displayURL(helpURL);
}
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println(nodeInfo.toString());
}
}
private class BookInfo {
public String bookName;
public URL bookURL;
public BookInfo(String book, String filename) {
bookName = book;
bookURL = TreeDemo.class.getResource(filename);
if (bookURL == null) {
System.err.println("Couldn't find file: "
+ filename);
}
}
public String toString() {
return bookName;
}
}
private void initHelp() {
String s = "TreeDemoHelp.html";
helpURL = TreeDemo.class.getResource(s);
if (helpURL == null) {
System.err.println("Couldn't open help file: " + s);
} else if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("Help URL is " + helpURL);
}
displayURL(helpURL);
}
private void displayURL(URL url) {
try {
if (url != null) {
htmlPane.setPage(url);
} else { //null url
htmlPane.setText("File Not Found");
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("Attempted to display a null URL.");
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Attempted to read a bad URL: " + url);
}
}
private void createNodes(DefaultMutableTreeNode top) {
DefaultMutableTreeNode category = null;
DefaultMutableTreeNode book = null;
category = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Books for Java Programmers");
top.add(category);
//original Tutorial
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The Java Tutorial: A Short Course on the Basics",
"tutorial.html"));
category.add(book);
//Tutorial Continued
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The Java Tutorial Continued: The Rest of the JDK",
"tutorialcont.html"));
category.add(book);
//JFC Swing Tutorial
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The JFC Swing Tutorial: A Guide to Constructing GUIs",
"swingtutorial.html"));
category.add(book);
//Bloch
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("Effective Java Programming Language Guide",
"bloch.html"));
category.add(book);
//Arnold/Gosling
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The Java Programming Language", "arnold.html"));
category.add(book);
//Chan
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The Java Developers Almanac",
"chan.html"));
category.add(book);
category = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Books for Java Implementers");
top.add(category);
//VM
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The Java Virtual Machine Specification",
"vm.html"));
category.add(book);
//Language Spec
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The Java Language Specification",
"jls.html"));
category.add(book);
}
/**
* Create the GUI and show it. For thread safety,
* this method should be invoked from the
* event-dispatching thread.
*/
private static void createAndShowGUI() {
if (useSystemLookAndFeel) {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(
UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Couldn't use system look and feel.");
}
}
//Make sure we have nice window decorations.
JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);
//Create and set up the window.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("TreeDemo");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//Create and set up the content pane.
TreeDemo newContentPane = new TreeDemo();
newContentPane.setOpaque(true); //content panes must be opaque
frame.setContentPane(newContentPane);
//Display the window.
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Schedule a job for the event-dispatching thread:
//creating and showing this application's GUI.
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
createAndShowGUI();
}
});
}
}
2:展开节点
点击节点左侧的圆圈图标可展开节点
3:收缩节点
点击节点左侧的圆圈图标可收缩节点
下面分析一下TreeDemo.java代码:
增加JTree实例并且把它放到面板上:
//Where instance variables are declared:
private JTree tree;
...
public TreeDemo() {
...
DefaultMutableTreeNode top =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode("The Java Series");
createNodes(top);
tree = new JTree(top);
...
JScrollPane treeView = new JScrollPane(tree);
...
}
代码增加了一个DefaultMutableTreeNode的实例,作为树结构的根节点.然后增加树
结构余下的节点.接着,增加树,根节点作为JTree的构造器的一个参数.最后,把tree放到面板中,
下面是在根节点下面增加子节点的代码:
private void createNodes(DefaultMutableTreeNode top) {
DefaultMutableTreeNode category = null;
DefaultMutableTreeNode book = null;
category = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Books for Java Programmers");
top.add(category);
//original Tutorial
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The Java Tutorial: A Short Course on the Basics",
"tutorial.html"));
category.add(book);
//Tutorial Continued
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The Java Tutorial Continued: The Rest of the JDK",
"tutorialcont.html"));
category.add(book);
//JFC Swing Tutorial
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The JFC Swing Tutorial: A Guide to Constructing GUIs",
"swingtutorial.html"));
category.add(book);
//...add more books for programmers...
category = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Books for Java Implementers");
top.add(category);
//VM
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The Java Virtual Machine Specification",
"vm.html"));
category.add(book);
//Language Spec
book = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(new BookInfo
("The Java Language Specification",
"jls.html"));
category.add(book);
}
DefaultMutableTreeNode构造器的参数是一个用户实例,此实例包含或者指向一个
和树节点关联的数据.用户实例可以是一个string字符串,或者是一个用户自己的对
象实例.如果你实现了一个用户自己的对象实例,你应该实现toString方法,以便返回
一个string字符串并在节点上显示.
例如:上面代码用到的BookInfo类是一个用户自己的类,它包含两方面的数据:书名和
描述书详细信息的html文件的url地址.在这个class中,toString被重载用来返回书名.
因而,每一个和BookInfo实例关联的节点都可以显示书名.
总之:你可以通过调用JTree的构造器,设定根节点作为参数的方法增加一个tree.你也可以把
tree放入一个可滚动的面板,这样tree就不会占用很大的空间.你不必为节点的展开和搜索写
任何代码.然后,如果你想让tree响应你点击选择一个节点的话,你还是要增加一些代码的.
响应节点选择事件(续)
响应树节点的选择事件其实蛮简单,你可以实现一个树的选择监听器并且注册,下面的代码是TreeDemo中有关选择监听的代码:
//Where the tree is initialized:
tree.getSelectionModel().setSelectionMode
(TreeSelectionModel.SINGLE_TREE_SELECTION);
//Listen for when the selection changes.
tree.addTreeSelectionListener(this);
...
public void valueChanged(TreeSelectionEvent e) {
DefaultMutableTreeNode node = (DefaultMutableTreeNode)
tree.getLastSelectedPathComponent();
if (node == null) return;
Object nodeInfo = node.getUserObject();
if (node.isLeaf()) {
BookInfo book = (BookInfo)nodeInfo;
displayURL(book.bookURL);
} else {
displayURL(helpURL);
}
}
上面的代码完成如下任务:
1:得到tree的默认TreeSelectionModel,并且设置选择模式,以便在同一时间,只有一个节点被选择
2:对tree注册一个事件处理器.这个事件处理器是一个实现了TreeSelectionListener接口的对象.
3:在事件处理器中,通过调用tree的getLastSelectedPathComponent方法来判断是哪个节点被选择了.
4:调用getUserObject方法来得到和节点绑定在一起的数据.