hibernate多对一

user和班级，多对一得关系。 
目标：希望查询学生的时候，知道学生所在班级信息 

Java代码  

1. public class User {  
2.   
3.     private Long userId;  
4.     private String userName;  
5.     private GradeClass gradeClass;  
6.            ...//省略get和set方法  

User.hbm.xml 

Xml代码  

1. <hibernate-mapping>  
2.         <class name="com.supben.pojo.User" table="User">  
3.                 <id name="userId" type="java.lang.Long">  
4.                         <column length="20" name="userId" />  
5.                         <generator class="identity"></generator>  
6.                 </id>  
7.   
8.                 <property name="userName" type="java.lang.String">  
9.                         <column name="userName" />  
10.                 </property>  
11. <!--column="gradeClassId" 表示的是user表中和班级表关联字段gradeClassId -->  
12.              <many-to-one name="gradeClass" column="gradeClassId" class="com.supben.pojo.GradeClass" />     
13.         </class>  
14. </hibernate-mapping>  

GradeClass.hbm.xml，和平时的配置没有任何的不同！ 

Xml代码  

1. <hibernate-mapping>  
2.         <class name="com.supben.pojo.GradeClass" table="gradeclass">  
3.                 <id name="gradeClassId" type="java.lang.Long">  
4.                         <column length="20" name="gradeClassId" />  
5.                         <generator class="identity"></generator>  
6.                 </id>  
7.   
8.                 <property name="gradeClassName" type="java.lang.String">  
9.                         <column name="gradeClassName" />  
10.                 </property>   
11.         </class>  

测试代码 

Java代码  

1. public void testFind() {  
2.         List<User> userList = userService.findAll();  
3.         assertEquals(2, userList.size());  
4.         System.out.println("*************************************");  
5.         System.out.println(userList.get(0).getGradeClass().getGradeClassName());  
6.                   ...//(省略dao和service中的查询方法)  
7.     }  

Hibernate: select this_.userId as userId1_0_, this_.userName as userName1_0_, this_.gradeClassId as gradeCla3_1_0_ from User this_ 
************************************* 
1084 [main] ERROR org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException -  could not initialize proxy - no Session  
org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize  proxy - no Session
at org.hibernate.proxy.AbstractLazyInitializer.initialize(AbstractLazyInitializer.java:86) 
at org.hibernate.proxy.AbstractLazyInitializer.getImplementation(AbstractLazyInitializer.java:140) 
at org.hibernate.proxy.pojo.javassist.JavassistLazyInitializer.invoke(JavassistLazyInitializer.java:190) 
at com.supben.pojo.GradeClass_$$_javassist_1.getGradeClassName(GradeClass_$$_javassist_1.java) 
at com.supben.service.UserServiceTest.testFind(UserServiceTest.java:21) 
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 


可以看到hibernate 3 many-to-one 默认是延迟加载的，出现了异常：不能初始化代理对象，session超时。 

把配置文件改成lazy="false"呢，即这样配置 

Xml代码  

1. <many-to-one name="gradeClass" column="gradeClassId" class="com.supben.pojo.GradeClass" lazy="false" />    

运行结果一切正常，在拿到user对象之后，立即发出2条sql去拿到班级对象。 

Hibernate: select this_.userId as userId1_0_, this_.userName as userName1_0_, this_.gradeClassId as gradeCla3_1_0_ from User this_ 
Hibernate: select gradeclass0_.gradeClassId as gradeCla1_0_0_, gradeclass0_.gradeClassName as gradeCla2_0_0_ from gradeclass gradeclass0_ where gradeclass0_.gradeClassId=? 
Hibernate: select gradeclass0_.gradeClassId as gradeCla1_0_0_, gradeclass0_.gradeClassName as gradeCla2_0_0_ from gradeclass gradeclass0_ where gradeclass0_.gradeClassId=? 
************************************* 
101 


优化：在配置文件里加上fetch="join"在运行，可以看到控制台的输出为：  
Hibernate: select this_.userId as userId1_1_, this_.userName as userName1_1_, this_.gradeClassId as gradeCla3_1_1_, gradeclass2_.gradeClassId as gradeCla1_0_0_, gradeclass2_.gradeClassName as gradeCla2_0_0_ from User this_ left outer join gradeclass gradeclass2_ on this_.gradeClassId=gradeclass2_.gradeClassId 
************************************* 
101 

只发出了一条sql就获得了所有的结果。这是因为hibernate默认是用fetch="select"的方式，即根据gradeClassId去select。改成了join，就会一次性查出