How to initialize a shared fixture in Junit

How can I run setUp() and tearDown() code once for all of my tests?

The desire to do this is usually a symptom of excessive coupling in your design. If two or more tests must share the same test fixture state, then the tests may be trying to tell you that the classes under test have some undesirable dependencies.

Refactoring the design to further decouple the classes under test and eliminate code duplication is usually a better investment than setting up a shared test fixture.

But if you must...

You can add a @BeforeClass annotation to a method to be run before all the tests in a class, and a @AfterClass annotation to a method to be run after all the tests in a class. Here's an example: 

package junitfaq;

    import org.junit.*;
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    import java.util.*;
   
    public class SimpleTest {
   
private Collection collection;

        @BeforeClass
        public static void oneTimeSetUp() {
            // one-time initialization code       
        }

        @AfterClass
        public static void oneTimeTearDown() {
            // one-time cleanup code
        }

        @Before
        public void setUp() {
            collection = new ArrayList();
        }

        @After
        public void tearDown() {
            collection.clear();
        }

        @Test
        public void testEmptyCollection() {
            assertTrue(collection.isEmpty());
        }

        @Test
        public void testOneItemCollection() {
            collection.add("itemA");
            assertEquals(1, collection.size());
        }
    }

Given this test, the methods will execute in the following order:

oneTimeSetUp()
setUp()
testEmptyCollection()
tearDown()
setUp()
testOneItemCollection()
tearDown()
oneTimeTearDown()