Hibernate入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-04 08:00:00 发布

墨染天下

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-04 08:00:00 发布

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分类专栏：作业

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/li___kang/article/details/98129346

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1. 什么是hibernate

Hibernate是一个操作数据库的框架，实现了对JDBC的封装；

Hibernate是一个ORM（对象关系映射）框架，我们在写程序时，用的时面向对象的方法，但是在关系型数据库里，存的是一条条的数据，为了用纯面向对象的思想解决问题，所有需要将程序中的对象和数据库的记录建立起映射关系，ORM就是这样的技术，而Hibernate就是这样一个框架，以操作对象的方式操作数据库。

Hibernate简化了代码的编写，原生态的JDBC需要很对代码来实现操作数据库，在这里用Hibernate只需要很少的代码就可以实现。

使用Hibernate的基本流程是：配置实现类与数据库表的映射关系，产生sessionFactory，打开session通道拿到session对象，开启事务，完成操作，关闭session。

Hibernate屏蔽了数据库的差异，增强了对数据库的可移植性。.使用Hibernate时，先要配置hibernate.cfg.xml文件，其中配置数据库连接信息和方言等，还要为每个实体配置相应的hbm.xml文件（Hibernate的映射文件），当然，也可以采用注解编程实现映射关系，hibernate.cfg.xml文件中需要登记每个hbm.xml文件

2. 如何在项目中添加hibernate支持(手动添加)

2.1 添加hibernate相关依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.zking</groupId>
  <artifactId>T226_Hibernate</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>T226_Hibernate Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
		<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
		<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
		<servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>  
		<hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version>
		<mysql.driver.version>5.1.46</mysql.driver.version>
	</properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>${junit.version}</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency> 

		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>${servlet.version}</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>${mysql.driver.version}</version>
		</dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>T226_Hibernate</finalName>
    <plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>3.7.0</version>
				<configuration> 
					<source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
					<target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
					<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
  </build>
</project>

2.2 在resource目录下添加hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件)
在这里插入图片描述

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">123</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
		</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

		<!-- 配置本地事务（No CurrentSessionContext configured!） -->
		<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>

		<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="format_sql">true</property>

		<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
		<mapping resource="com/likang/one/entity/User.hbm.xml" />
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

2.3 在开发阶段再创建实体类和实体映射文件(*.hbm.xml)
实体类

package com.likang.one.entity;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;

public class User {
	private Integer id;
	private String userName;
	private String userPwd;
	private String realName;
	private String sex;
	private Date birthday;
	private Timestamp createDatetime;
	private String remark;
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}
	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}
	public String getUserPwd() {
		return userPwd;
	}
	public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) {
		this.userPwd = userPwd;
	}
	public String getRealName() {
		return realName;
	}
	public void setRealName(String realName) {
		this.realName = realName;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}
	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}
	public Timestamp getCreateDatetime() {
		return createDatetime;
	}
	public void setCreateDatetime(Timestamp createDatetime) {
		this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
	}
	public String getRemark() {
		return remark;
	}
	public void setRemark(String remark) {
		this.remark = remark;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [id=" + id + ", userName=" + userName + ", userPwd=" + userPwd + ", realName=" + realName
				+ ", sex=" + sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", createDatetime=" + createDatetime + ", remark="
				+ remark + "]";
	}
	public User(String userName, String userPwd, String realName, String sex, Date birthday, Timestamp createDatetime,
			String remark) {
		super();
		this.userName = userName;
		this.userPwd = userPwd;
		this.realName = realName;
		this.sex = sex;
		this.birthday = birthday;
		this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
		this.remark = remark;
	}
	public User() {
		super();
	}
	
}

*.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<!-- 
class标签中:
	name:实体类的全路径
	table:实体类对应数据库中的表
id 标签：
	name：实体类中的属性（映射的是表的主键）
	type:属性对应的类型
	colume:属性对应的表中的哪一个列段
property：
	name：实体类中的属性（映射的是表的非主键）
	type:属性对应的类型
	colume:属性对应的表中的哪一个列段
 -->
	<class name="com.likang.one.entity.User" table="t_hibernate_user">
		<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="userName" type="java.lang.String" column="user_name">
		</property>
		<property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String" column="user_pwd">
		</property>
		<property name="realName" type="java.lang.String" column="real_name">
		</property>
		<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex">
		</property>
		<property name="birthday" type="java.sql.Date" column="birthday">
		</property>
		<property insert="false" update="false" name="createDatetime"
			type="java.sql.Timestamp" column="create_datetime">
		</property>
		<property name="remark" type="java.lang.String" column="remark">
		</property>
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

小结：hibernate.cfg.xml(1)/*.hbm.xml(N)
实体映射文件一定要加到核心配置文件

3.增删改查

在这里插入图片描述
增加案例

package com.likang.one.test;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.likang.one.entity.User;
/**
 * 增加案例
 * @author Hasee
 *
 */
public class AddDome {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
//		对hibernate.cfg.xml进行建模拿到sessiongactory工厂(两步)
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//		通过工厂获取到session会话（操作数据库的）
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//		获取事务对象
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//		直接操作数据库
		session.save(new User("likang", "123", "李康","男", new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()), new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()), "暂无"));
//		提交事务
		transaction.commit();
//		关闭资源
		session.close();
	}
}

结果如下
在这里插入图片描述

查询案例

package com.likang.one.test;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

/**
 * hibernate 中查询案例
 * @author Hasee
 *
 */
public class QueryDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
//		对hibernate.cfg.xml进行建模拿到sessiongactory工厂(两步)
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//		通过工厂获取到session会话（操作数据库的）
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//		直接操作数据库
		List list = session.createQuery("from User").list();
		for (Object obj : list) {
			System.out.println(obj);
		}
//		关闭资源
		session.close();
	}	
}

结果如下

八月 03, 2019 12:36:38 上午 org.hibernate.Version logVersion
INFO: HHH000412: Hibernate Core {5.3.0.Final}
八月 03, 2019 12:36:38 上午 org.hibernate.cfg.Environment <clinit>
INFO: HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
八月 03, 2019 12:36:38 上午 org.hibernate.annotations.common.reflection.java.JavaReflectionManager <clinit>
INFO: HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.0.3.Final}
八月 03, 2019 12:36:39 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl configure
WARN: HHH10001002: Using Hibernate built-in connection pool (not for production use!)
八月 03, 2019 12:36:39 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH10001005: using driver [com.mysql.jdbc.Driver] at URL [jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8]
八月 03, 2019 12:36:39 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH10001001: Connection properties: {user=root, password=****}
八月 03, 2019 12:36:39 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH10001003: Autocommit mode: false
八月 03, 2019 12:36:39 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl$PooledConnections <init>
INFO: HHH000115: Hibernate connection pool size: 20 (min=1)
八月 03, 2019 12:36:40 上午 org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect <init>
INFO: HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
八月 03, 2019 12:36:40 上午 org.hibernate.type.spi.TypeConfiguration$Scope setSessionFactory
WARN: HHH000233: Scoping types to session factory org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl@792bbc74 after already scoped org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl@792bbc74
八月 03, 2019 12:36:40 上午 org.hibernate.hql.internal.QueryTranslatorFactoryInitiator initiateService
INFO: HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
Hibernate: 
    select
        user0_.id as id1_0_,
        user0_.user_name as user_nam2_0_,
        user0_.user_pwd as user_pwd3_0_,
        user0_.real_name as real_nam4_0_,
        user0_.sex as sex5_0_,
        user0_.birthday as birthday6_0_,
        user0_.create_datetime as create_d7_0_,
        user0_.remark as remark8_0_ 
    from
        t_hibernate_user user0_
User [id=1, userName=rrr, userPwd=999, realName=null, sex=null, birthday=null, createDatetime=null, remark=null]
User [id=2, userName=ls, userPwd=123, realName=李四, sex=男, birthday=2000-11-10, createDatetime=2018-09-29 09:58:13.0, remark=xyz]
User [id=3, userName=zzz2, userPwd=123, realName=null, sex=null, birthday=2018-09-29, createDatetime=2018-09-29 10:07:20.0, remark=null]
User [id=4, userName=zzz2, userPwd=123, realName=null, sex=null, birthday=2018-10-06, createDatetime=2018-10-06 07:17:54.0, remark=null]
User [id=5, userName=bbbb, userPwd=123s, realName=null, sex=null, birthday=null, createDatetime=2018-10-16 16:12:53.0, remark=null]
User [id=6, userName=ttttt, userPwd=6666, realName=null, sex=null, birthday=null, createDatetime=2018-10-17 11:46:20.0, remark=null]
User [id=7, userName=吃吃吃, userPwd=mima, realName=null, sex=null, birthday=null, createDatetime=2018-10-17 15:01:55.0, remark=null]
User [id=9, userName=吃吃吃22, userPwd=mima, realName=null, sex=null, birthday=null, createDatetime=2018-10-17 15:08:45.0, remark=null]
User [id=11, userName=xxx, userPwd=123456, realName=xxx, sex=1, birthday=null, createDatetime=2018-11-17 09:47:03.0, remark=xxx]
User [id=12, userName=xxx, userPwd=123456, realName=xxx, sex=1, birthday=null, createDatetime=2018-11-17 09:48:17.0, remark=xxx]
User [id=13, userName=xxx, userPwd=123456, realName=xxx, sex=1, birthday=2018-11-17, createDatetime=2018-11-17 09:48:48.0, remark=xxx]
User [id=14, userName=精华, userPwd=123456, realName=金燕, sex=女, birthday=null, createDatetime=2018-11-18 09:24:38.0, remark=开小差]
User [id=15, userName=likang, userPwd=123, realName=李康, sex=男, birthday=2019-08-03, createDatetime=2019-08-03 00:34:22.0, remark=暂无]

修改案例

package com.likang.one.test;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.likang.one.entity.User;
/**
 * 修改案例
 * @author Hasee
 *
 */
public class EditDome {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
//		对hibernate.cfg.xml进行建模拿到sessiongactory工厂(两步)
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//		通过工厂获取到session会话（操作数据库的）
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//		获取事务对象
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//		直接操作数据库
//		User user = new User("likang2", "123", "李康2","男", new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()), new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()), "暂无");
//		user.setId(15);
//		session.update(user);
		User user = session.get(User.class, 15);
		System.out.println(user);
		user.setRealName("李康3");
		
//		提交事务
		transaction.commit();
//		关闭资源
		session.close();
	}
}

结果如下

八月 03, 2019 12:37:41 上午 org.hibernate.Version logVersion
INFO: HHH000412: Hibernate Core {5.3.0.Final}
八月 03, 2019 12:37:41 上午 org.hibernate.cfg.Environment <clinit>
INFO: HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
八月 03, 2019 12:37:41 上午 org.hibernate.annotations.common.reflection.java.JavaReflectionManager <clinit>
INFO: HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.0.3.Final}
八月 03, 2019 12:37:42 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl configure
WARN: HHH10001002: Using Hibernate built-in connection pool (not for production use!)
八月 03, 2019 12:37:42 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH10001005: using driver [com.mysql.jdbc.Driver] at URL [jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8]
八月 03, 2019 12:37:42 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH10001001: Connection properties: {user=root, password=****}
八月 03, 2019 12:37:42 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH10001003: Autocommit mode: false
八月 03, 2019 12:37:42 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl$PooledConnections <init>
INFO: HHH000115: Hibernate connection pool size: 20 (min=1)
八月 03, 2019 12:37:43 上午 org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect <init>
INFO: HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
八月 03, 2019 12:37:43 上午 org.hibernate.type.spi.TypeConfiguration$Scope setSessionFactory
WARN: HHH000233: Scoping types to session factory org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl@792bbc74 after already scoped org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl@792bbc74
Hibernate: 
    select
        user0_.id as id1_0_0_,
        user0_.user_name as user_nam2_0_0_,
        user0_.user_pwd as user_pwd3_0_0_,
        user0_.real_name as real_nam4_0_0_,
        user0_.sex as sex5_0_0_,
        user0_.birthday as birthday6_0_0_,
        user0_.create_datetime as create_d7_0_0_,
        user0_.remark as remark8_0_0_ 
    from
        t_hibernate_user user0_ 
    where
        user0_.id=?
User [id=15, userName=likang, userPwd=123, realName=李康, sex=男, birthday=2019-08-03, createDatetime=2019-08-03 00:34:22.0, remark=暂无]
Hibernate: 
    update
        t_hibernate_user 
    set
        user_name=?,
        user_pwd=?,
        real_name=?,
        sex=?,
        birthday=?,
        remark=? 
    where
        id=?

在这里插入图片描述
删除案例

package com.likang.one.test;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.likang.one.entity.User;
/**
 * 删除案例
 * @author Hasee
 *
 */
public class DelDome {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
//		对hibernate.cfg.xml进行建模拿到sessiongactory工厂(两步)
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//		通过工厂获取到session会话（操作数据库的）
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//		获取事务对象
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//		直接操作数据库
		User user=new User();
		user.setId(16);
		session.delete(user);
//		提交事务
		transaction.commit();
//		关闭资源
		session.close();
	}
}

结果如下

八月 03, 2019 12:39:15 上午 org.hibernate.Version logVersion
INFO: HHH000412: Hibernate Core {5.3.0.Final}
八月 03, 2019 12:39:15 上午 org.hibernate.cfg.Environment <clinit>
INFO: HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
八月 03, 2019 12:39:15 上午 org.hibernate.annotations.common.reflection.java.JavaReflectionManager <clinit>
INFO: HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.0.3.Final}
八月 03, 2019 12:39:16 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl configure
WARN: HHH10001002: Using Hibernate built-in connection pool (not for production use!)
八月 03, 2019 12:39:16 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH10001005: using driver [com.mysql.jdbc.Driver] at URL [jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8]
八月 03, 2019 12:39:16 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH10001001: Connection properties: {user=root, password=****}
八月 03, 2019 12:39:16 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH10001003: Autocommit mode: false
八月 03, 2019 12:39:16 上午 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl$PooledConnections <init>
INFO: HHH000115: Hibernate connection pool size: 20 (min=1)
八月 03, 2019 12:39:16 上午 org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect <init>
INFO: HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
八月 03, 2019 12:39:17 上午 org.hibernate.type.spi.TypeConfiguration$Scope setSessionFactory
WARN: HHH000233: Scoping types to session factory org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl@792bbc74 after already scoped org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl@792bbc74
Hibernate: 
    delete 
    from
        t_hibernate_user 
    where
        id=?

在这里插入图片描述
谢谢观看

墨染天下

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Hibernate入门

1. 什么是hibernateHibernate是一个操作数据库的框架，实现了对JDBC的封装；Hibernate是一个ORM（对象关系映射）框架，我们在写程序时，用的时面向对象的方法，但是在关系型数据库里，存的是一条条的数据，为了用纯面向对象的思想解决问题，所有需要将程序中的对象和数据库的记录建立起映射关系，ORM就是这样的技术，而Hibernate就是这样一个框架，以操作对象的方式操作数...
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