高级编程技术第十五次作业 Matplotlib

Exercise 11.1: Plotting a function
Plot the function

$$f(x)=sin^2(x-2)e^{-x^2}$$
over the interval $[0, 2]$. Add proper axis labels, a title, etc.

import numpy
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  

x = numpy.linspace(0, 2, 100)  
y = numpy.square(numpy.sin(x - 2)) * numpy.exp(-x * x) 

plt.plot(x, y)
plt.title('f(x)')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.show()

Exercise 11.2: Data
Create a data matrix $X$ with $20$ observations of $10$ variables. Generate a vector $\vec{b}$ with parameters Then generate the response vector $\vec{y} = X\vec{b}+\vec{z}$ where $\vec{z}$ is a vector with standard normally distributed variables.
Now (by only using $\vec{y}$ and $X$), find an estimator for $\vec{b}$, by solving

$$\hat{b} = arg~\min_\limits{\vec{b}} \Arrowvert X\vec{b}-\vec{y} \Arrowvert_2$$

Plot the true parameters $\vec{b}$ and estimated parameters $\hat{b}$. See Figure $1$ for an example plot.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
import numpy
import random

X = numpy.random.randn(20, 10)
z = numpy.random.normal(size = (20, 1))
b1 = numpy.random.rand(10, 1)
y = numpy.dot(X, b1) + z
x = numpy.linspace(-1, 1, 10)  
b2 = numpy.array(numpy.linalg.lstsq(X, y, rcond = -1)[0])  
plt.scatter(x, b1, c = 'r', marker = 'x', label = "b")  
plt.scatter(x, b2, c = 'b', marker = 'o', label = 'b~')  
plt.xlabel('index')
plt.ylabel('value')
plt.legend()  
plt.show()  

Exercise 11.3: Histogram and density estimation
Generate a vector $\vec{z}$ of 10000 observations from your favorite exotic distribution. Then make a plot that shows a histogram of $\vec{z}$ (with 25 bins), along with an estimate for the density, using a Gaussian kernel
density estimator (see scipy.stats). See Figure 2 for an example plot.

import numpy
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy import stats

y = numpy.random.normal(size = 10000)
kernel = stats.gaussian_kde(y)
x = numpy.linspace(-10, 10, 1000)

plt.hist(y, 25, rwidth = 0.8, density = True)
plt.plot(x, kernel.evaluate(x))
plt.show()