Android 缓存机制

相册图片预取缓存策略是内存缓存（硬引用LruCache、软引用SoftReference）、外部文件缓存（context.getCachedDir()），缓存中取不到的情况下再向服务端请求下载图片。同时缓存三张图片（当前预览的这张，前一张以及后一张）。

1.内存缓存

//需要导入外部jar文件 android-support-v4.jar  
    import android.support.v4.util.LruCache;  
    //开辟8M硬缓存空间  
    private final int hardCachedSize = 8*1024*1024;       
    //hard cache  
    private final LruCache<String, Bitmap> sHardBitmapCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(hardCachedSize){  
        @Override  
        public int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap value){  
            return value.getRowBytes() * value.getHeight();  
        }  
        @Override  
        protected void entryRemoved(boolean evicted, String key, Bitmap oldValue, Bitmap newValue){  
            Log.v("tag", "hard cache is full , push to soft cache");  
            //硬引用缓存区满，将一个最不经常使用的oldvalue推入到软引用缓存区  
            sSoftBitmapCahe.put(key, new SoftReference<Bitmap>(oldValue));  
        }  
    }  
    //软引用  
    private static final int SOFT_CACHE_CAPACITY = 40;  
    private final static LinkedHashMap<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>> sSoftBitmapCache =   
        new  LinkedHashMao<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>>(SOFT_CACHE_CAPACITY, 0.75f, true){  
        @Override  
        public SoftReference<Bitmap> put(String key, SoftReference<Bitmap> value){  
            return super.input(key, value);  
        }  
        @Override  
        protected boolean removeEldestEntry(LinkedHashMap.Entry<Stirng, SoftReference<Bitmap>> eldest){  
            if(size() > SOFT_CACHE_CAPACITY){  
                Log.v("tag", "Soft Reference limit , purge one");  
                return true;  
            }  
            return false;  
        }  
    }  
    //缓存bitmap  
    public boolean putBitmap(String key, Bitmap bitmap){  
        if(bitmap != null){  
            synchronized(sHardBitmapCache){  
                sHardBitmapCache.put(key, bitmap);  
            }  
            return true;  
        }         
        return false;  
    }  
    //从缓存中获取bitmap  
    public Bitmap getBitmap(String key){  
        synchronized(sHardBitmapCache){  
            final Bitmap bitmap = sHardBitmapCache.get(key);  
            if(bitmap != null)  
                return bitmap;  
        }  
        //硬引用缓存区间中读取失败，从软引用缓存区间读取  
        synchronized(sSoftBitmapCache){  
            SoftReference<Bitmap> bitmapReference = sSoftBtimapCache.get(key);  
            if(bitmapReference != null){  
                final Bitmap bitmap2 = bitmapReference.get();  
                if(bitmap2 != null)  
                    return bitmap2;  
                else{  
                    Log.v("tag", "soft reference 已经被回收");  
                    sSoftBitmapCache.remove(key);  
                }  
            }  
        }  
        return null;  
    }  

2.外部文件缓存

private File mCacheDir = context.getCacheDir();  
    private static final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 20 * 1024 * 1024; //20M  
    private final LruCache<String, Long> sFileCache = new LruCache<String, Long>(MAX_CACHE_SIZE){  
        @Override  
        public int sizeOf(String key, Long value){  
            return value.intValue();  
        }  
        @Override  
        protected void entryRemoved(boolean evicted, String key, Long oldValue, Long newValue){  
            File file = getFile(key);  
            if(file != null)  
                file.delete();  
        }  
    }  
    private File getFile(String fileName) throws FileNotFoundException {  
        File file = new File(mCacheDir, fileName);  
        if(!file.exists() || !file.isFile())  
            throw new FileNotFoundException("文件不存在或有同名文件夹");  
        return file;  
    }  
    //缓存bitmap到外部存储  
    public boolean putBitmap(String key, Bitmap bitmap){  
        File file = getFile(key);  
        if(file != null){  
            Log.v("tag", "文件已经存在");  
            return true;  
        }  
        FileOutputStream fos = getOutputStream(key);  
        boolean saved = bitmap.compress(CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, fos);  
        fos.flush();  
        fos.close();  
        if(saved){  
            synchronized(sFileCache){  
                sFileCache.put(key, getFile(key).length());  
            }  
            return true;   
        }  
        return false;  
    }  
    //根据key获取OutputStream  
    private FileOutputStream getOutputStream(String key){  
        if(mCacheDir == null)  
            return null;  
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(mCacheDir.getAbsolutePath() + File.separator + key);  
        return fos;  
    }  
    //获取bitmap  
    private static BitmapFactory.Options sBitmapOptions;  
    static {  
        sBitmapOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();  
        sBitmapOptions.inPurgeable=true; //bitmap can be purged to disk  
    }  
    public Bitmap getBitmap(String key){  
        File bitmapFile = getFile(key);  
        if(bitmapFile != null){  
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(bitmapFile), null, sBitmapOptions);  
            if(bitmap != null){  
                //重新将其缓存至硬引用中  
                ...  
            }  
        }  
    }  

3.从服务端下载图片

下载成功后调用1内存缓存的putBitmap()函数,缓存图片。
在外部文件缓存中也写入一份，调用2的putBitmap()函数.

4.预览图片的流程

1) 如果预览的图片在内存缓存区中，直接调用1的getBitmap()函数，获取bitmap数据(先在硬引用缓存区查找匹配，若硬引用区匹配失败，再去软引用区匹配)
2) 如果从内存缓存区读取失败，再从外部文件缓存中读取，调用2的getBitmap()函数
3) 如果从外部文件缓存中读取失败，则从服务端下载该图片，过程3.

5.生成key值

private static String generateKey(String fileId, int width, int height) {         
        String ret = fileId + "_" + Integer.toString(width) + "x" + Integer.toString(height);  
        return ret;  
    }  

String key = generateKey(...)即可生成唯一的key值