dbms_stats.gather_table_stats与analyze table 的区别

DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS, 用于统计表,列,索引的统计信息.

DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS的语法如下:

DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS (ownname VARCHAR2, tabname VARCHAR2, partname VARCHAR2, estimate_percent NUMBER,   block_sample BOOLEAN, method_opt VARCHAR2, degree NUMBER, granularity VARCHAR2, cascade BOOLEAN, stattab VARCHAR2, statid VARCHAR2,   statown VARCHAR2,   no_invalidate BOOLEAN, force BOOLEAN);

参数说明:

ownname:要分析表的拥有者

tabname:要分析的表名.

partname:分区的名字,只对分区表或分区索引有用.

estimate_percent:采样行的百分比,取值范围[0.000001,100],null为全部分析,不采样. 常量:DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE是默认值,由oracle决定最佳取采样值.

block_sapmple:是否用块采样代替行采样.

method_opt:决定histograms信息是怎样被统计的.method_opt的取值如下:

for all columns:统计所有列的histograms.

for all indexed columns:统计所有indexed列的histograms.

for all hidden columns:统计你看不到列的histograms

for columns <list> SIZE <N> | REPEAT | AUTO | SKEWONLY:统计指定列的histograms.N的取值范围[1,254]; REPEAT上次统计过的histograms;AUTO由  oracle决定N的大小;SKEWONLY multiple end-points with the same value which is what we define by "there is skew in the data

degree:决定并行度.默认值为null.

granularity:Granularity of statistics to collect ,only pertinent if the table is partitioned.

cascace:是收集索引的信息.默认为falase.

stattab指定要存储统计信息的表,statid如果多个表的统计信息存储在同一个stattab中用于进行区分.statown存储统计信息表的拥有者.以上三个参数若不指定,统计信息会直接更新到数据字典.

no_invalidate: Does not invalidate the dependent cursors if set to TRUE. The procedure invalidates the dependent cursors immediately if set to FALSE.

force:即使表锁住了也收集统计信息.

例子:

execute dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname => 'owner',tabname => 'table_name' ,estimate_percent => null ,method_opt => 'for all indexed columns' ,cascade => true);

例如：

在使用DBMS_STATS分析表的时候，我们经常要保存之前的分析，以防分析后导致系统性能低下然后进行快速恢复。

1、首先创建一个分析表，该表是用来保存之前的分析值：

SQL> begin
2 dbms_stats.create_stat_table(ownname=>'TEST',stattab=>'STAT_TABLE');
3 end;
4 /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

SQL> begin
2 dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'TEST',tabname=>'T1');
3 end;
4 /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

2、导出表分析信息到stat_table中

SQL> begin
2 dbms_stats.export_table_stats(ownname=>'TEST',tabname=>'T1',stattab=>'STAT_TABLE');
3 end;
4 /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

SQL> select count(*) from TEST.STAT_TABLE;

COUNT(*)
----------
         4

4、删除分析信息

SQL> begin
2 dbms_stats.delete_table_stats(ownname=>'TEST',tabname=>'T1');
3 end;
4 /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

SQL> SELECT num_rows,blocks,empty_blocks as empty, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len FROM dba_tables WHERE owner = 'TEST'
AND table_name = 'T1';

NUM_ROWS     BLOCKS      EMPTY AVG_SPACE CHAIN_CNT AVG_ROW_LEN
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------

没有查到分析数据

5、导入分析信息

SQL> begin
2 dbms_stats.import_table_stats(ownname=>'TEST',tabname=>'T1',stattab=>'STAT_TABLE');
3 end;
4 /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

SQL> SELECT num_rows,blocks,empty_blocks as empty, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len FROM dba_tables WHERE owner = 'TEST'
AND table_name = 'T1';

NUM_ROWS     BLOCKS      EMPTY AVG_SPACE CHAIN_CNT AVG_ROW_LEN
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
      1000          5          0          0          0          16
可以查到分析数据

 

补充: 

EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS：导出列的分析信息 
EXPORT_INDEX_STATS：导出索引分析信息 
EXPORT_SYSTEM_STATS：导出系统分析信息 
EXPORT_TABLE_STATS：导出表分析信息 
EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS：导出方案分析信息 
EXPORT_DATABASE_STATS：导出数据库分析信息 
IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS：导入列分析信息 
IMPORT_INDEX_STATS：导入索引分析信息 
IMPORT_SYSTEM_STATS：导入系统分析信息 
IMPORT_TABLE_STATS：导入表分析信息 
IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS：导入方案分析信息 
IMPORT_DATABASE_STATS：导入数据库分析信息 
GATHER_INDEX_STATS：分析索引信息 
GATHER_TABLE_STATS：分析表信息，当cascade为true时，分析表、列（索引）信息 
GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS：分析方案信息 
GATHER_DATABASE_STATS：分析数据库信息 
GATHER_SYSTEM_STATS：分析系统信息

dbms_stats.gather_table_stats与analyze table 的区别

参考 http://www.itpub.net/viewthread.php?tid=845777&extra=&page=1

Analyze Statement
The ANALYZE statement can be used to gather statistics for a specific table, index or cluster. The statistics can be computed exactly, or estimated based on a specific number of rows, or a percentage of rows:

ANALYZE TABLE employees COMPUTE STATISTICS;
ANALYZE INDEX employees_pk COMPUTE STATISTICS;

ANALYZE TABLE employees ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 100 ROWS;
ANALYZE TABLE employees ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 15 PERCENT;
DBMS_UTILITY
The DBMS_UTILITY package can be used to gather statistics for a whole schema or database. Both methods follow the same format as the analyze statement:

EXEC DBMS_UTILITY.analyze_schema('SCOTT','COMPUTE');
EXEC DBMS_UTILITY.analyze_schema('SCOTT','ESTIMATE', estimate_rows => 100);
EXEC DBMS_UTILITY.analyze_schema('SCOTT','ESTIMATE', estimate_percent => 15);

EXEC DBMS_UTILITY.analyze_database('COMPUTE');
EXEC DBMS_UTILITY.analyze_database('ESTIMATE', estimate_rows => 100);
EXEC DBMS_UTILITY.analyze_database('ESTIMATE', estimate_percent => 15);
DBMS_STATS
The DBMS_STATS package was introduced in Oracle 8i and is Oracles preferred method of gathering object statistics. Oracle list a number of benefits to using it including parallel execution, long term storage of statistics and transfer of statistics between servers. Once again, it follows a similar format to the other methods:

EXEC DBMS_STATS.gather_database_stats;
EXEC DBMS_STATS.gather_database_stats(estimate_percent => 15);

EXEC DBMS_STATS.gather_schema_stats('SCOTT');
EXEC DBMS_STATS.gather_schema_stats('SCOTT', estimate_percent => 15);

EXEC DBMS_STATS.gather_table_stats('SCOTT', 'EMPLOYEES');
EXEC DBMS_STATS.gather_table_stats('SCOTT', 'EMPLOYEES', estimate_percent => 15);

EXEC DBMS_STATS.gather_index_stats('SCOTT', 'EMPLOYEES_PK');
EXEC DBMS_STATS.gather_index_stats('SCOTT', 'EMPLOYEES_PK', estimate_percent => 15);
This package also gives you the ability to delete statistics:

EXEC DBMS_STATS.delete_database_stats;
EXEC DBMS_STATS.delete_schema_stats('SCOTT');
EXEC DBMS_STATS.delete_table_stats('SCOTT', 'EMPLOYEES');
EXEC DBMS_STATS.delete_index_stats('SCOTT', 'EMPLOYEES_PK');

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

自从Oracle8.1.5引入dbms_stats包，Experts们便推荐使用dbms_stats取代analyze。 理由如下

dbms_stats可以并行分析
dbms_stats有自动分析的功能(alter table monitor )
analyze 分析统计信息的不准确some times


1,2好理解，且第2点实际上在VLDB中是最吸引人的；3以前比较模糊，看了metalink236935.1 解释，analyze在分析Partition表的时候，有时候会计算出不准确的Global statistics .

原因是，dbms_stats会实在的去分析表全局统计信息（当指定参数）；而analyze是将表分区（局部）的statistics 汇总计算成表全局statistics ,可能导致误差。

如果想分析整个用户或数据库，还可以采用工具包，可以并行分析
Dbms_utility(8i以前的工具包)
Dbms_stats(8i以后提供的工具包)
如
dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(User,estimate_percent=>100,cascade=> TRUE);
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(User,TableName,degree => 4,cascade => true);

这是对命令与工具包的一些总结

1、对于分区表，建议使用DBMS_STATS，而不是使用Analyze语句。
a) 可以并行进行，对多个用户，多个Table
b) 可以得到整个分区表的数据和单个分区的数据。
c) 可以在不同级别上Compute Statistics：单个分区，子分区，全表，所有分区
d) 可以倒出统计信息
e) 可以用户自动收集统计信息

2、DBMS_STATS的缺点
a) 不能Validate Structure
b) 不能收集CHAINED ROWS, 不能收集CLUSTER TABLE的信息，这两个仍旧需要使用Analyze语句。
c) DBMS_STATS 默认不对索引进行Analyze，因为默认Cascade是False，需要手工指定为True

3、对于oracle 9里面的External Table，Analyze不能使用，只能使用DBMS_STATS来收集信息。

-----------------------------------------------------------------
10G的文档是这么说的：
Do not use the COMPUTE and ESTIMATE clauses of ANALYZE to collect optimizer statistics. These clauses are supported for backward compatibility. Instead, use the DBMS_STATS package, which lets you collect statistics in parallel, collect global statistics for partitioned objects, and fine tune your statistics collection in other ways. The cost-based optimizer, which depends upon statistics, will eventually use only statistics that have been collected by DBMS_STATS

analyze的功能已经明确：
Use the ANALYZE statement (rather than DBMS_STATS) for statistics collection not related to the cost-based optimizer :

To use the VALIDATE or LIST CHAINED ROWS clauses

To collect information on freelist blocks

在收集与CBO优化器不相关的统计信息的时候ANALYZE语句要优于DBMS_STATS包

-----------------------------------
EX:
begin
        for owner in (select username from dba_users where username not in ('SYS','SYSTEM'))
        loop
         dbms_output.disable;
         dbms_output.enable(1000000);
         dbms_output.put_line('Schema: '||owner.username);
         select sysdate into start_time from dual;
         dbms_output.put_line('Analyze start from : '||start_time);
         dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname => owner.username, estimate_percent => 20, block_sample=> true, cascade=>true);
         select sysdate into end_time from dual;
         dbms_output.put_line('Analyze complete at : '||end_time);
         dbms_output.put_line('---------------------------');
        end loop;


dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname          =>,
                                tabname          =>,
                                partname         =>,
                                estimate_percent =>, 
                                block_sample     =>,
                                method_opt       =>,
                                degree           =>,parallel degree(并行收集维度)　看CPU个数
                                granularity      =>,
                                cascade          =>,true is also gather columns and index’s statistics;
                                no_invalidate    =>);

-- EOF --