Keepalived双机热备

这里我们仅仅只利用Keepalive做双机热备，也就是保证服务器的高可用性，其他的不用管。可能您会说这样在实际应用中很少会这样用，这您可就错了，Keepalived仅仅做双机热备的情况还是有的，我就碰到过几次这样的案例，下面就我碰到的几个案例做个小结 一，Keepalived双机热备的应用场景 1，网站流量不高，压力不大，但是对服务器的可靠性要求极其高，例如实时在线OA系统，政府部门网站系统，医院实时报医系统，公安局在线报案系统，股市后台网站系统等等，他们的压力不是很大，但是对可靠性要求是非常高的 2，有钱没地方花的，典型的政府企业，公办学校等等 二，Keepalived双机热备的特性以及优缺点 特性： 1，至少需要两台服务器，其中一台为master始终提供服务，另外一台作为backup始终处于空闲状态，只有在主服务器挂掉的时候他就来帮忙了，这是典型的双击热备 2，能根据需求判断服务是否可用，在不可用的时候要即使切换 优缺点： 优点：数据同步非常简单，不像负载均衡对数据一致性要求非常高，实现起来相对复杂维护也颇为不便，双机热备用rsync就可以实现了操作和维护非常简单 缺点：服务器有点浪费，始终有一台处于空闲状态 三，Keepalived双机热备的配置 首先画个双机热备拓扑图吧： 这里我只写最终实现的配置，至于Keepalived的理论知识请参考《Keepalived原理与实战精讲》 1，本例通过Keepalived来实现两台LNMP(也就是linux+nginx+mysql+php)架构服务器的双机热备 LNMP的配置请参考：《Lnmp配置精讲第一版》 2，Keepalived配置双机安装配置 1》Keepalived安装 keepalived官方地址：http://www.keepalived.org/download.html，大家可以到这里下载最新版本的keepalived 操作系统：centos 5.5 32bit 系统安装：最小化安装，也就是去掉所有组件 环境配置：安装make 和 gcc openssl openssl-devel等等 yum -y install gcc make openssl openssl-devel wget kernel-devel mkdir -p /usr/local/src/hasoft cd /usr/local/src/hasoft wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz cd keepalived-1.2.2 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-238.19.1.el5-i686/ 复制代码 预编译后出现： Keepalived configuration ------------------------ Keepalived version       : 1.2.2 Compiler                 : gcc Compiler flags           : -g -O2 -DETHERTYPE_IPV6=0x86dd Extra Lib                : -lpopt -lssl -lcrypto Use IPVS Framework       : Yes IPVS sync daemon support : Yes IPVS use libnl           : No Use VRRP Framework       : Yes Use Debug flags          : No 复制代码 make && make install 复制代码 这里注意哦，我上面是指通用的安装方法，如果你没有用到LVS可以把lvs去掉即 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-238.19.1.el5-i686/ --disable-lvs-syncd --disable-lvs 但这个没有影响，就按照我的来配置吧，不过如果你要是集成了LVS，那么就不可加这两个参数了哦 整理管理文件： cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ 建立配置文件目录(注意：keepalived的配置文件默认在/etc/keepalived/目录) mkdir -p /etc/etc/keepalived/ 两台服务器(两个节点)都这样安装即可 2》配置 节点A配置如下： vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf global_defs { notification_email { admin@example.com admin@ywlm.net } notification_email_from admin@example.com smtp_server 127.0.0.1 stmp_connect_timeout 30 router_id lnmp_node1 } vrrp_instance lnmp { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 100 priority 200 advert_int 5 track_interface { eth0 eth1 } authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.17.200 } } 复制代码 节点B配置如下： vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf global_defs { notification_email { admin@example.com admin@ywlm.net } notification_email_from admin@example.com smtp_server 127.0.0.1 stmp_connect_timeout 30 router_id lnmp_node1 } vrrp_instance lnmp { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 100 priority 150 advert_int 5 track_interface { eth0 eth1 } authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.17.200 } } 复制代码 四，启动调试 在节点A上启动 /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived 启动日志： Sep  8 18:26:02 centosa Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink reflector Sep  8 18:26:02 centosa Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink command channel Sep  8 18:26:02 centosa Keepalived_vrrp: Registering gratutious ARP shared channel Sep  8 18:26:02 centosa Keepalived_vrrp: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Sep  8 18:26:02 centosa Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 36076 Bytes Sep  8 18:26:02 centosa Keepalived_vrrp: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Sep  8 18:26:02 centosa Keepalived: Starting VRRP child process, pid=5606 Sep  8 18:26:07 centosa Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(lnmp) Transition to MASTER STATE Sep  8 18:26:12 centosa Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(lnmp) Entering MASTER STATE Sep  8 18:26:12 centosa avahi-daemon[2528]: Registering new address record for 192.168.17.200 on eth0. 在节点B上启动 /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived 开机自动启动 echo /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived >> /etc/rc.local 启动日志： Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived: Starting Keepalived v1.2.2 (09/08,2011) Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=5837 Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink reflector Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink command channel Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_vrrp: Registering gratutious ARP shared channel Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived: Starting VRRP child process, pid=5839 Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb kernel: IPVS: Registered protocols (TCP, UDP, AH, ESP) Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb kernel: IPVS: Connection hash table configured (size=4096, memory=32Kbytes) Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb kernel: IPVS: ipvs loaded. Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlink reflector Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlink command channel Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_healthcheckers: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_vrrp: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 36252 Bytes Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_vrrp: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_healthcheckers: Configuration is using : 6271 Bytes Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_healthcheckers: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Sep  8 18:30:02 centosb Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(lnmp) Entering BACKUP STATE 从日志可以看出，启动都没有问题，并且安装我给的优先级完成了竞选，各自成就了各自的状态 关闭节点A的网卡测试切换是否正常 ifdown eth0 观察节点B的日志： Sep  8 18:32:55 centosb Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(lnmp) Transition to MASTER STATE Sep  8 18:33:00 centosb Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(lnmp) Entering MASTER STATE Sep  8 18:33:00 centosb avahi-daemon[2531]: Registering new address record for 192.168.17.200 on eth0. 启动节点A的网卡测试切换是否正常 ifup eth0 观察节点B的日志： Sep  8 18:33:31 centosb Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(lnmp) Received higher prio advert Sep  8 18:33:31 centosb Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(lnmp) Entering BACKUP STATE Sep  8 18:33:31 centosb avahi-daemon[2531]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.17.200 on eth0. Received higher prio advert：表示接收到更高优先级的公告(advert公告的意思) Withdrawing：撤回的意思，可以看出切换过程一目了然 OK，到这里我们的安装部分完成，下面我们来看看如何监控服务吧，我们这里仅仅是监控了网络故障和keepalived本身进程，在网络或者keepalived进程出现问题的时候会切换，但是我的节点A里面还有很多服务呢，例如nginx，PHP，mysql进程出问题或高负载的时候相应过慢怎么办，怎么切换的呢，这时就要用到脚本了，下面我们来看看keepalived是如何控制脚本来实现对服务器的监控和切换的 写个脚本来实时监控三个服务，若有一个出现问题遍切换mkdir /root/shell/ cd /root/shell vi keepcheck.sh #!/bin/bash while  : do mysqlcheck=`/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot ping 2>&1` mysqlcode=`echo $?` phpcheck=`ps -C php-fpm --no-header | wc -l` nginxcheck=`ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l` keepalivedcheck=`ps -C keepalived --no-header | wc -l` if [ $nginxcheck -eq 0 ]|| [ $phpcheck -eq 0 ]||[ $mysqlcode -ne 0 ];then                 if [ $keepalivedcheck -ne 0 ];then                    killall -TERM keepalived                 else                    echo "keepalived is stoped"                 fi         else                 if [ $keepalivedcheck -eq 0 ];then                    /etc/init.d/keepalived start                 else                    echo "keepalived is running"                 fi fi sleep 5 done 复制代码 注意，用/etc/init.d/keepalived start如果起不来，可以用/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived二进制文件直接执行启动即可 启动脚本： chmod +x /root/shell/keepcheck.sh nohup sh /root/shell/keepcheck.sh & 复制代码 节点B也用这个脚本 写入/etc/rc.local开机自动启动 echo "nohup sh /root/shell/keepcheck.sh &" >> /etc/rc.loal 复制代码 可以测试了 本文就写完了，这个可以用于生产环境，本人环境就这样配置的，但不同业务有不同环境，一定要按需调整，不要盲目盲从！