Spark修炼之道（基础篇）——Linux大数据开发基础：第十二节：Shell编程入门（四)

本节主要内容

1. shell脚本调试
2. shell函数
3. shell控制结构初步

1. shell脚本调试

当脚本出错时，需要对脚本进行调试，学会脚本调试是每个linux系统使用者必备技能。shell脚本调试无需任何额外的工具，只需要要在脚本文件前加-x选项即可，创建debug.sh文件，内容如下：

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-shebang" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">#!/bin/bash</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#Filename: debug.sh</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"scripting"</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"debuging"</span>
ls +
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

使用bash -x 命令进行脚本调试

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@sparkslave02</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># bash -x debug.sh </span>
+ echo scripting
scripting
+ echo debuging
debuging
+ ls +
<span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">ls:</span> cannot access +<span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:</span> <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">No</span> such file <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">or</span> directory
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>

-x选项将shell脚本每一行命令及执行结果打印输出，如此便能帮助开发人员快速定位到出错的脚本位置。如果代码量比较大或者脚本开发人员知道代码出错的大致位置，则可以使用set -x; set +x；命令进行局部调试，如

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-shebang" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">#!/bin/bash</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#Filename: debug2.sh</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> {<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>..<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">do</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> -x
//<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> -x表示跟在该命令后的脚本输出调试信息
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$i</span>
//<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> +x表示从此处禁用调试
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> +x
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">done</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Script executed"</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

上面的代码意味着，只会打印输出echo $i，具体调试信息输出如下：

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">root@sparkslave02:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ./debug2.sh </span>
+ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> +x
+ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> +x
+ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> +x
+ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> +x
+ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> +x
+ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> +x
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li></ul>

除bash -x命令进行脚本调试之外，还可以在脚本的第一行添加-xv命令，使得脚本默认进行调试，例如：

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">//加-xv选项，使脚本执行时会打印输出调试信息
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#!/bin/bash -xv</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#Filename: debug.sh</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> {<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>..<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">do</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> -x
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$i</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> +x
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">done</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Script executed"</span>
~                       </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>

2. shell函数

同样，同c、c ++等编程语言一样，shell中可以定义函数，函数的定义格式如下

<code class="hljs matlab has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">fname</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span></span>
<span class="hljs-cell" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
   shell脚本语句；
}</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

vim命令创建functionDemo.sh脚本文件

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@sparkslave02</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># vim functionDemo.sh</span>

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#定义一个函数fname</span>
function fname(){
   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#输出第一个参数</span>
   echo <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$1</span>
   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#输出函数所在文件名</span>
   echo <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$0</span>
   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#输出所有参数</span>
   echo <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$@</span>
}
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#将函数中传入两个参数</span>
fname <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"arg1"</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"args"</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>

执行结果：

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@sparkslave02</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ./functionDemo.sh </span>
arg1
./functionDemo.sh
arg1 args
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

3. shell控制结构初步

同其它编程语言一样，shell也有自己的控制结构，包括for循环、while循环、until循环，if语句等。本小节先介绍for循环的使用，for循环的用法非常多，下面给出四个最为常用的for循环用法

(1)for i in $(seq 10)

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@sparkslave02</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># vim forloop.sh</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$(</span>seq <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">do</span>
echo <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$i</span>
done

root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@sparkslave02</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># chmod a+x forloop.sh </span>
root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@sparkslave02</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ./forloop.sh </span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li></ul>

(2) for((i=1;i<=10;i++))

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>((i=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>;i<=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>;i++))
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">do</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$i</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">done</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

(3)for i in ls

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@sparkslave02</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># vim forloop3.sh</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> `ls`
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">do</span>
echo <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$i</span>
done

root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@sparkslave02</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># chmod a+x forloop3.sh</span>
root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@sparkslave02</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ./forloop3.sh </span>
debug2.sh
debug.sh
forloop2.sh
forloop3.sh
forloop.sh
functionDemo.sh
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul>

(4)for i in ${arr[*]}

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@sparkslave02</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># vim forloop4.sh</span>
arr=(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">${</span>arr[*]}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">do</span>
echo <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">${</span>arr[i]}
done

root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@sparkslave02</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:~/ShellLearning/Chapter12</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ./forloop4.sh </span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>

转载： http://blog.csdn.net/lovehuangjiaju/article/details/48914547