std::input_iterator_tag, std::output_iterator_tag,std::forward_iterator_tag, std::bidirectional_iterator_tag,std::random_access_iterator_tag
在头文件
<iterator> 中定义
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struct input_iterator_tag { };
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struct output_iterator_tag { };
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struct forward_iterator_tag : public input_iterator_tag { };
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struct bidirectional_iterator_tag : public forward_iterator_tag { };
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struct random_access_iterator_tag : public bidirectional_iterator_tag { };
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定义迭代器的分类。这些标签都是空的类型,分别对应五种迭代器分类中的一种:
input_iterator_tag
对应InputIterator
.output_iterator_tag
对应OutputIterator
.forward_iterator_tag
对应ForwardIterator
.bidirectional_iterator_tag
对应BidirectionalIterator
.random_access_iterator_tag
对应RandomAccessIterator
.
顾名思义,迭代器分类标签可以用以标示某个迭代器的分类,可以根据这一分类所要求的特性来选择最优算法。
每一个迭代器类型都有对应的 std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::iterator_category 类型定义,即这五种类型之一。
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <iterator>
template< class BDIter >
void alg(BDIter, BDIter, std::bidirectional_iterator_tag)
{
std::cout << "alg() called for bidirectional iterator\n";
}
template <class RAIter>
void alg(RAIter, RAIter, std::random_access_iterator_tag)
{
std::cout << "alg() called for random-access iterator\n";
}
template< class Iter >
void alg(Iter first, Iter last)
{
alg(first, last,
typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::iterator_category());
}
int main()
{
std::vector<int> v;
alg(v.begin(), v.end());
std::list<int> l;
alg(l.begin(), l.end());
// std::istreambuf_iterator<char> i1(std::cin), i2;
// alg(i1, i2); // compile error: no matching function for call
}