[转载]html5 local database

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The Web SQL Database API isn't actually part of the HTML5 specification but it is a separate specification which introduces a set of APIs to manipulate client-side databases using SQL.

I'm assuming you are a great web developer and if that is the case then no doubt, you would be well aware of SQL and RDBMS concepts. If you still want to have a session with SQL then, you can go through our SQL Tutorial.

Web SQL Database will work in latest version of Safari, Chrome and Opera.

The Core Methods:

There are following three core methods defined in the spec that I.m going to cover in this tutorial:

1. openDatabase: This method creates the database object either using existing database or creating new one.

2. transaction: This method give us the ability to control a transaction and performing either commit or rollback based on the situation.

3. executeSql: This method is used to execute actual SQL query.

Opening Database:

The openDatabase method takes care of opening a database if it already exists, this method will create it if it already does not exist.

To create and open a database, use the following code:

var db = openDatabase('mydb', '1.0', 'Test DB', 2 * 1024 * 1024);

Above method took following five paramters:

1. Database name
2. Version number
3. Text description
4. Size of database
5. Creation callback

The last and 5th argument, creation callback will be called if the database is being created. Without this feature, however, the databases are still being created on the fly and correctly versioned.

Executing queries:

To execute a query you use the database.transaction() function. This function needs a single argument, which is a function that takes care of actually executing the query as follows:

var db = openDatabase('mydb', '1.0', 'Test DB', 2 * 1024 * 1024); db.transaction(function (tx) { tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS LOGS (id unique, log)'); });

The above query will create a table called LOGS in 'mydb' database.

INSERT Operation:

To create enteries into the table we add simple SQL query in the above example as follows:

var db = openDatabase('mydb', '1.0', 'Test DB', 2 * 1024 * 1024); db.transaction(function (tx) { tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS LOGS (id unique, log)'); tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO LOGS (id, log) VALUES (1, "foobar")'); tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO LOGS (id, log) VALUES (2, "logmsg")'); });

We can pass dynamic values while creating entering as follows:

var db = openDatabase('mydb', '1.0', 'Test DB', 2 * 1024 * 1024); db.transaction(function (tx) { tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS LOGS (id unique, log)'); tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO LOGS (id,log) VALUES (?, ?'), [e_id, e_log]; });

Here e_id and e_log are external variables, and executeSql maps each item in the array argument to the "?"s.

READ Operation:

To read already existing records we use a callback to capture the results as follows:

var db = openDatabase('mydb', '1.0', 'Test DB', 2 * 1024 * 1024); db.transaction(function (tx) { tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS LOGS (id unique, log)'); tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO LOGS (id, log) VALUES (1, "foobar")'); tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO LOGS (id, log) VALUES (2, "logmsg")'); }); db.transaction(function (tx) { tx.executeSql('SELECT * FROM LOGS', [], function (tx, results) { var len = results.rows.length, i; msg = "<p>Found rows: " + len + "</p>"; document.querySelector('#status').innerHTML += msg; for (i = 0; i < len; i++){ alert(results.rows.item(i).log ); } }, null); });

/***********************************DEMO**************************************/

/*
Main JS for tutorial: "Getting Started with HTML5 Local Databases"
Written by Ben Lister (darkcrimson.com) revised 12 May 2010
Tutorial: http://blog.darkcrimson.com/2010/05/local-databases/

Licensed under the MIT License:
http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
*/

$(function(){ initDatabase();

 	// Button and link actions
	$('#clear').click(function(){ dropTables(); });
 	$('#update').click(function(){ updateSetting(); });

});
	
function initDatabase() {
	try {
	    if (!window.openDatabase) {
	        alert('Local Databases are not supported by your browser. Please use a Webkit browser for this demo');
	    } else {
	        var shortName = 'DEMODB';
	        var version = '1.0';
	        var displayName = 'DEMODB Test';
	        var maxSize = 100000; // in bytes
	        DEMODB = openDatabase(shortName, version, displayName, maxSize);
			createTables();
			selectAll();
	    }
	} catch(e) {
	    if (e == 2) {
	        // Version mismatch.
	        console.log("Invalid database version.");
	    } else {
	        console.log("Unknown error "+ e +".");
	    }
	    return;
	} 
}



/***
**** CREATE TABLE ** 
***/
function createTables(){
	DEMODB.transaction(
        function (transaction) {
        	transaction.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS page_settings(id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, fname TEXT NOT NULL,bgcolor TEXT NOT NULL, font TEXT, favcar TEXT);', [], nullDataHandler, errorHandler);
        }
    );
	prePopulate();
}


/***
**** INSERT INTO TABLE ** 
***/
function prePopulate(){
	DEMODB.transaction(
	    function (transaction) {
		//Starter data when page is initialized
		var data = ['1','none','#B3B4EF','Helvetica','Porsche 911 GT3'];  
		
		transaction.executeSql("INSERT INTO page_settings(id, fname, bgcolor, font, favcar) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", [data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3], data[4]]);
	    }
	);	
}

/***
**** UPDATE TABLE ** 
***/
function updateSetting(){
	DEMODB.transaction(
	    function (transaction) {
	    	if($('#fname').val() != '') {
	    		var fname = $('#fname').val();
	    	} else {
	    		var fname = 'none';
	    	}
			
			var bg    = $('#bg_color').val();
			var font  = $('#font_selection').val();
			var car   = $('#fav_car').val();
			
	    	
	    	transaction.executeSql("UPDATE page_settings SET fname=?, bgcolor=?, font=?, favcar=? WHERE id = 1", [fname, bg, font, car]);
	    }
	);	
		selectAll();
}
function selectAll(){ 
	DEMODB.transaction(
	    function (transaction) {

	        transaction.executeSql("SELECT * FROM page_settings;", [], dataSelectHandler, errorHandler);
	        
	    }
	);	
}

function dataSelectHandler(transaction, results){

	// Handle the results
    for (var i=0; i<results.rows.length; i++) {
        
    	var row = results.rows.item(i);
    	
        var newFeature = new Object();
    	
    	newFeature.fname   = row['fname'];
        newFeature.bgcolor = row['bgcolor'];
        newFeature.font    = row['font'];
        newFeature.favcar  = row['favcar'];
        
        $('body').css('background-color',newFeature.bgcolor);
        $('body').css('font-family',newFeature.font);
        $('#content').html('<h4 id="your_car">Your Favorite Car is a '+ newFeature.favcar +'</h4>');
        
        if(newFeature.fname != 'none') {
       		$('#greeting').html('Howdy-ho, '+ newFeature.fname+'!');
       		$('#fname').val(newFeature.fname);
        } 
        
       $('select#font_selection').find('option[value='+newFeature.font+']').attr('selected','selected');
       $('select#bg_color').find('option[value='+newFeature.bgcolor+']').attr('selected','selected');  
       $('select#fav_car').find('option[value='+newFeature.favcar+']').attr('selected','selected');

       
    }

}


/***
**** Save 'default' data into DB table **
***/

function saveAll(){
		prePopulate(1);
}


function errorHandler(transaction, error){
 	if (error.code==1){
 		// DB Table already exists
 	} else {
    	// Error is a human-readable string.
	    console.log('Oops.  Error was '+error.message+' (Code '+error.code+')');
 	}
    return false;
}


function nullDataHandler(){
	console.log("SQL Query Succeeded");
}

/***
**** SELECT DATA **
***/
function selectAll(){ 
	DEMODB.transaction(
	    function (transaction) {
	        transaction.executeSql("SELECT * FROM page_settings;", [], dataSelectHandler, errorHandler);
	    }
	);	
}

/***
**** DELETE DB TABLE ** 
***/
function dropTables(){
	DEMODB.transaction(
	    function (transaction) {
	    	transaction.executeSql("DROP TABLE page_settings;", [], nullDataHandler, errorHandler);
	    }
	);
	console.log("Table 'page_settings' has been dropped.");
	location.reload();
}