curl常见用法

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分类专栏：网络通信常用工具与软件文章标签： curl

于 2018-06-13 20:29:18 首次发布

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本文主要介绍curl的常见用法。

说明：本文介绍的curl常见用法是面向Linux操作系统的。

1 概述

1.1 What

引用Manual中关于curl的介绍，内容如下：

curl is a tool to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the supported protocols(DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET and TFTP).

引用GitHub中关于curl的介绍，内容如下：

Curl is a command-line tool for transferring data specified with URL syntax.

1.2 What's curl used for

curl is used in command lines or scripts to transfer data.

curl is also used in cars, television sets, routers, printers, audio equipment, mobile phones, tablets, settop boxes, media players and is the internet transfer backbone for thousands of software applications affecting billions of humans daily.

1.3 curl supports

curl supports DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, Gopher, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, Telnet and TFTP.

curl supports SSL certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, HTTP form based upload, proxies, HTTP/2, cookies, user+password authentication(Basic, Plain, Digest, CRAM-MD5, NTLM, Negotiate and Kerberos), file transfer resume, proxy tunneling and more.

2 常见用法

2.1 获取页面

命令格式：

curl URL

示例用法如下：

curl https://www.baidu.com/

这是curl最简单的使用方法，运行上面的命令可以获取到“https://www.baidu.com/”指向的页面数据，同样，如果这里的URL指向的是一个文件或一幅图片，也可以直接下载到本地。

2.2 发送POST请求

命令格式：

curl -X POST -d 'post content' URL

-X选项的解释如下：

-X/--request <command>
(HTTP) Specifies a custom request method to use when communicating with the HTTP
server. The specified request will be used instead of the method otherwise used (which
defaults to GET). Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for details and explanations.
(FTP) Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead of LIST when doing file lists
with ftp.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-d选项的解释如下：

-d/--data <data>
(HTTP) Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in a way that
can emulate as if a user has filled in a HTML form and pressed the submit button. Note that
the data is sent exactly as specified with no extra processing (with all newlines cut off).
The data is expected to be "url-encoded". This will cause curl to pass the data to the
server using the content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to -F/--form. If
this option is used more than once on the same command line, the data pieces specified will
be merged together with a separating &-letter. Thus, using '-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy'
would generate a post chunk that looks like 'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.

示例用法如下：

curl -X -d 'api_ver=1.0.0&merchant_id=1800257711' http://api.gcdev.tfb8.com/cgi-bin/v2.0/api_merchant_agency_qry.cgi

注意：-d选项后的内容强烈建议用单引号“'”包起来（而非双引号）。

2.3 发送GET请求

命令格式：

curl URL?param1=value1\&param2=value2...

示例用法如下：

curl http://api.gcdev.tfb8.com/cgi-bin/v2.0/api_merchant_agency_qry.cgi?api_ver=1.0.0\&merchant_id=1800257711

注意：在shell中执行curl命令发送GET请求时，如果要发送多个参数，则需要将参数之间的分隔符“&”修改为“\&”，否则shell会将分隔符“&”理解为后台执行指令，导致GET请求参数被截断。

2.4 链接重定向/自动跳转（-L）

使用curl打开某些存在重定向的链接时，可能无法获取我们想要的网页内容。假设有链接“http://www.A.com”，使用浏览器访问该链接，会自动跳转到链接“http://www.B.com”。那么如果使用curl直接访问“A”链接，示例命令如下：

curl http://www.A.com

会提示“A”链接不存在，因为“A”链接已经重定向到“B”链接了，但是“curl”不能识别出来（这个重定向动作）。

此时，就需要使用“-L”选项了，该选项可以使curl打开的链接自动跳转，从而获取到最终的网页。示例命令如下：

curl -L http://www.A.com

使用上面的命令访问链接“A”时，就会自动跳转到其重定向的链接“B”中，最终获取到链接“B”的内容。

2.5 将页面响应写入文件（-o）

通过“-o”选项可以将网页的响应内容写入到一个文件中，如下：

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

上面的命令会将链接“http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo”的响应内容，写入到文件“/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo”中。

2.6 通过POST请求发送json消息

参考2.2节中发送POST请求相关内容，通过POST请求发送json消息的命令格式如下：

curl -H "Content-Type:application/json" -X POST -d '{json消息体}' URL

示例命令如下：

curl -H "Content-Type:application/json" -X POST -d '{"action":"on_snapshot", "ip":"192.168.237.224", "app":"live", "stream":"livestream_afp"}' http://192.168.237.224:8085/api/v1/snapshot

-H 选项的解释如下：

-H, --header <header>
(HTTP) Extra header to use when getting a web page. You may specify any number of extra headers. Note that if you should add a custom header that has the same name as one of the internal ones curl would use, your externally set header will be used instead of the internal one. This allows you to make even trickier stuff than curl would normally do. You should not replace internally set headers without knowing perfectly well what you're doing. Remove an internal header by giving a replacement without content on the right side of the colon, as in: -H "Host:". If you send the custom header with no-value then its header must be terminated with a semicolon, such as -H "X-Custom-Header;" to send "X-Custom-Header:".

curl will make sure that each header you add/replace is sent with the proper end-of-line marker, you should thus not add that as a part of the header content: do not add newlines
or carriage returns, they will only mess things up for you.

See also the -A, --user-agent and -e, --referer options.

This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove multiple headers.