GOTO语句有着很臭的名声,我们的老师经常教导我们说,不要轻易使用它。
C++跳转语句有三个:goto、break和continue。它们只是工具,我觉得问题不能归咎于工具,问题在于人。
就像指针一样,goto这个无条件跳转语句力量还是很强大的,如果滥用,出现问题很难排查。
但有些时候goto确实是不二选择,例如我遇到的,在函数中有多个出口,而每个出口都遇到释放资源的时候,与其都把释放语句不厌其烦的写一遍,
不如一个goto语句来的干脆利落。
下面的例子取自上一篇Native Wifi API文章,由于我们的程序经常控制的wifi的on和off,必须注意释放资源。就拿WlanOpenHandle来说,
如果不注意对称WlanCloseHandler,程序几次运行后报错:ERROR_REMOTE_SESSION_LIMIT_EXCEEDED
官网解释为:Too many handles have been issued by the server.
所以我们会在每个API调用后,确认返回值,如果错误,程序将不再继续向下运行,return之前,我们必须释放资源。当出口很多时,我们要写很多同样的代码,
很烦躁,难读,代码急速膨胀。但使用goto后,问题便轻松了许多,请看简单例子:
// ManageWirelessNetwork.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <shellapi.h>
#include <wlanapi.h>
// Need to link with shell32.lib
#pragma comment(lib, "shell32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "wlanapi.lib")
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
DWORD dwResult = 0;
DWORD dwMaxClient = 2;
DWORD dwCurVersion = 0;
HANDLE hClient = NULL;
PWLAN_INTERFACE_INFO_LIST pIfList = NULL;
PWLAN_INTERFACE_INFO pIfInfo = NULL;
dwResult = WlanOpenHandle(dwMaxClient, NULL, &dwCurVersion, &hClient);
if (dwResult != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
wprintf(L"WlanOpenHandle failed with error: %u\n", dwResult);
return false;
}
dwResult = WlanEnumInterfaces(hClient, NULL, &pIfList);
if (dwResult != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
wprintf(L"WlanEnumInterfaces failed with error: %u\n", dwResult);
goto RELEASE_RESOURCE;
}
WLAN_PHY_RADIO_STATE state;
state.dwPhyIndex = 0;
state.dot11SoftwareRadioState = dot11_radio_state_on;//off here too.
PVOID pData = &state;
dwResult = WlanSetInterface(hClient,&pIfList->InterfaceInfo[0].InterfaceGuid,
wlan_intf_opcode_radio_state,sizeof(WLAN_PHY_RADIO_STATE),pData,NULL);
if(dwResult == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
wprintf(L"set state success!\n");
}
else
{
wprintf(L"set state failed!err is %d\n",dwResult);
}
RELEASE_RESOURCE:
if(hClient)
{
WlanCloseHandle(hClient,NULL);
hClient = NULL;
}
if(pIfList)
{
WlanFreeMemory(pIfList);
pIfList = NULL;
}
if(pIfInfo)
{
WlanFreeMemory(pIfInfo);
pIfInfo = NULL;
}
return 0;
}
最后,goto还会用来跳出多重循环。但需要注意的是,只能从内层跳到外层,不可逆操作。