下面根据我的一些经验来举例说明在ADO.NET中的多表填充、关联表更新以及多个Command对象执行过程中启用事务的操作。欢迎大家交流,或在Blog上留言。
一、准备工作
对于NorthWind数据库大家都比较熟悉,所以这里拿它为例,我把Customers(客户表)、Orders(订单表)、Order Details(订单详细表)合起来建立了一个类型化的数据集,类型名称为DatasetOrders,每个表只包括一些字段,下面是在Visual Studio .NET中建立的一个截图:
图1-1 |
上面建立了两个关系表示为Customers —> Orders —>Order Details。因为Orders表的OrderID字段为自动增长列,这里把就把它的AutoIncrementSeed和AutoIncrementStep值设置成了-1,这在实际添加订单的过程中可能会比较明显,不过不设也没问题。
二.填充数据集
建立一个窗体程序来演示实际的操作,界面如下:
图2-1 |
整个应用程序就是一个Form,上面的三个DataGrid分别用来显示相关表的数据,不过他们是互动的。另外的两个单选框用来决定更新数据的方式,两个按钮正如他们的名称来完成相应的功能。
这里我们用一个DataAdapter来完成数据集的填充,执行的存储过程如下:
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrdersInfo AS SELECT CustomerID,CompanyName,ContactName FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID LIKE 'A%' SELECT OrderID,OrderDate,CustomerID FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID IN (SELECT CustomerID FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID LIKE 'A%') SELECT OrderID,ProductID,UnitPrice,Quantity,Discount FROM [Order Details] WHERE OrderID IN (SELECT OrderID FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID IN (SELECT CustomerID FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID LIKE 'A%')) GO |
为了减少数据量,这里只取了CustomerID以’A’开头的数据。建立DataAccess类来管理窗体同数据层的交互:
using System; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; using Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.Data; namespace WinformTest { public class DataAccess { private string _connstring = "data source=(local);initial catalog=Northwind;uid=csharp;pwd=c#.net2004;"; private SqlConnection _conn; ///构造函数 public DataAccess() { _conn = new SqlConnection(_connstring); } |
下面的函数完成单个数据适配器来完成数据集的填充,
public void FillCustomerOrdersInfo(DatasetOrders ds) { SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand("GetCustomerOrdersInfo",_conn); comm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(comm); dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add("Table","Customers"); dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add("Table1","Orders"); dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add("Table2","Order Details"); dataAdapter.Fill(ds); } |
如果使用SqlHelper来填充那就更简单了:
public void FillCustomerOrdersInfoWithSqlHelper(DatasetOrders ds) { SqlHelper.FillDataset(_connstring,CommandType.StoredProcedure,"GetCustomerOrdersInfo",ds,new string[]{"Customers","Orders","Order Details"}); } |
叉开话题提一下,Data Access Application Block 2.0中的SqlHelper.FillDataset这个方法超过两个表的填充时会出现错误,其实里面的逻辑是错的,只不过两个表的时候刚好凑巧,下面是从里面截的代码:
private static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { if( connection == null ) throw new ArgumentNullException( "connection" ); if( dataSet == null ) throw new ArgumentNullException( "dataSet" ); SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(); bool mustCloseConnection = false; PrepareCommand(command, connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection ); using( SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(command) ) { if (tableNames != null && tableNames.Length > 0) { string tableName = "Table"; for (int index=0; index < tableNames.Length; index++) { if( tableNames[index] == null || tableNames[index].Length == 0 ) throw new ArgumentException( "The tableNames parameter must contain a list of tables, a value was provided as null or empty string.", "tableNames" ); tableName += (index + 1).ToString();//这里出现错误 } } dataAdapter.Fill(dataSet); command.Parameters.Clear(); } if( mustCloseConnection ) connection.Close(); } |
这里把tableName += (index + 1).ToString();修改成
dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add((index>0) (tableName+index.ToString()):tableName, tableNames[index]);就能解决问题。 |
接下来看看窗体程序的代码:
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form { private DataAccess _dataAccess; private DatasetOrders _ds; //…… //构造函数 public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); _dataAccess = new DataAccess(); _ds = new DatasetOrders(); _ds.EnforceConstraints = false; //关闭约束检查,提高数据填充效率 this.dataGridCustomers.DataSource = _ds; this.dataGridCustomers.DataMember = _ds.Customers.TableName; this.dataGridOrders.DataSource = _ds; this.dataGridOrders.DataMember = _ds.Customers.TableName+"."+_ds.Customers.ChildRelations[0].RelationName; this.dataGridOrderDetails.DataSource = _ds; this.dataGridOrderDetails.DataMember =_ds.Customers.TableName+"."+ _ds.Customers.ChildRelations[0].RelationName+"."+ _ds.Orders.ChildRelations[0].RelationName; } |
对于上面的三个表的动态关联,你也可以使用SetDataBinding方法来完成数据的动态绑定,而不是分别指定DataGride的DataSource和DataMemger属性。
this.dataGridCustomers.SetDataBinding(_ds,_ds.Customers.TableName); this.dataGridOrders.SetDataBinding(_ds,_ds.Customers.TableName+"."+_ds.Customers.ChildRelations[0].RelationName); this.dataGridOrderDetails.SetDataBinding(_ds,_ds.Customers.TableName+"."+ _ds.Customers.ChildRelations[0].RelationName+"."+_ds.Orders.ChildRelations[0].RelationName); } |
数据填充事件处理如下:
private void buttonFillData_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { _ds.Clear();//重新填充数据集 _dataAccess.FillCustomerOrdersInfo(_ds); //_dataAccess.FillCustomerOrdersInfoWithSqlHelper(_ds); } |
执行上面的事件处理函数我们会看到数据显示到对应的DataGrid上,如(图2-1)所示。
如果使用数据读取器获取多表纪录下面是实现的一种方式(参考):
SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand("GetCustomerOrdersInfo",_conn); comm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; _conn.Open(); SqlDataReader reader = comm.ExecuteReader(); do { while(reader.Read()) { Console.WriteLine(reader[0].ToString());//获取数据代码 } }while(reader.NextResult()); Console.ReadLine(); _conn.Close(); |