C语言学习之数组传参与指针

一维数组

整型数组

int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a+0));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*a));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[1]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*&a));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a[0]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a[0]+1));

字符数组（单个字符初始化）

char arr[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a[0]+1));

char arr[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&a[0]+1));

字符数组（字符串初始化）

char arr[] = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a[0]+1));

char arr[] = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&a[0]+1));

字符数组（字符指针初始化）

char * p = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p[0]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p[0]+1));

char * p = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", strlen(p));
printf("%d\n", strelen(p+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(p[0]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p[0]+1));

二维数组

int a[3][4] = {0};
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a);
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[0][0]);
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[0]);
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[0]+1);
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*(a[0]+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a+1);
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*(a+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a[0]+1);
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*(&a[0]+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*a);
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[3]);

总结：

1. sizeof求字符个数，包括字符串结束标志'\0'
2. strlen求字符串长度，以'\0'为结束标志，返回'\0'前字符串的长度
3. 数组名的意义：
   ①sizeof(数组名)：这里的数组名表示整个数组，计算的是整个数组的大小
   ②&(数组名),这里的数组名表示整个数组，取出的是整个数组的地址
   ③除上述两种情况之外，所有的数组名都表示数组首元素的地址