Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal -- LeetCode

原题链接:  http://oj.leetcode.com/problems/construct-binary-tree-from-inorder-and-postorder-traversal/  
这道题和 Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 思路完全一样,如果有朋友不了解,请先看看 Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 哈。这里的区别是要从中序遍历和后序遍历中构造出树,算法还是一样,只是现在取根是从后面取(因为后序遍历根是遍历的最后一个元素)。思想和代码基本都是差不多的,自然时间复杂度和空间复杂度也还是O(n)。代码如下:
public TreeNode buildTree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder) {
    if(inorder==null || postorder==null || inorder.length==0 || postorder.length==0)
    {
        return null;
    }
    HashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
    for(int i=0;i<inorder.length;i++)
    {
        map.put(inorder[i],i);
    }
    return helper(inorder,postorder,0,inorder.length-1, 0, postorder.length-1,map);
}
private TreeNode helper(int[] inorder, int[] postorder, int inL, int inR, int postL, int postR, HashMap<Integer, Integer> map)
{
    if(inL>inR || postL>postR)
        return null;
    TreeNode root = new TreeNode(postorder[postR]);
    int index = map.get(root.val);
    root.left = helper(inorder,postorder,inL,index-1,postL,postL+index-inL-1,map);
    root.right = helper(inorder,postorder,index+1,inR,postR-(inR-index),postR-1,map);
    return root;
}
这道题和 Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 是树中难度比较大的题目了,有朋友可能会想根据先序遍历和后序遍历能不能重新构造出树来,答案是否定的。只有中序便利可以根据根的位置切开左右子树,其他两种遍历都不能做到,其实先序遍历和后序遍历是不能唯一确定一棵树的,会有歧义发生,也就是两棵不同的树可以有相同的先序遍历和后序遍历,有兴趣的朋友可以试试举出这种例子哈。
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To convert the given array to a complete BST, we need to perform the following steps: 1. Sort the array in ascending order 2. Construct a complete binary tree using the sorted array 3. Perform inorder traversal of the binary tree and store the elements in the original array in the same order as the traversal Here's the implementation of the to_bst(lst) function in Python: ```python def to_bst(lst): # Sort the input list lst.sort() # Construct a complete binary tree using the sorted list n = len(lst) if n == 0: return lst root = lst[n // 2] left_subtree = to_bst(lst[:n // 2]) right_subtree = to_bst(lst[n // 2 + 1:]) binary_tree = [root] + left_subtree + right_subtree # Perform inorder traversal of the binary tree and store the elements in the original array inorder_traversal(binary_tree, lst, 0) return lst def inorder_traversal(binary_tree, lst, i): # Perform inorder traversal of the binary tree and store the elements in the original array n = len(binary_tree) if i >= n: return inorder_traversal(binary_tree, lst, 2 * i + 1) lst[i] = binary_tree[i] inorder_traversal(binary_tree, lst, 2 * i + 2) ``` The to_bst(lst) function takes in the input list and returns the same list after converting it to a complete BST. The function first sorts the input list in ascending order. It then constructs a complete binary tree using the sorted list by recursively dividing the list into two halves and setting the middle element as the root of the binary tree. Finally, the function performs an inorder traversal of the binary tree and stores the elements in the original list in the same order as the traversal.

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