进一步优化Android ListView GridView中异步加载图片

转自：http://my.oschina.net/DragonWang/blog/64489

最近在对编写完后的FileManager做优化，发觉其中异步加载图片的那块代码还需要在重构一下。

首先我先说明一下，该FileManager中显示文件图标的控件为GridView，并且最大可视区域为20个图标，就是因为要同时显示20个才给我惹了大麻烦。

简单地说是由于测试部在对FileManager的稳定性进行非常暴力的测试发生的问题，他们极其迅速地多次上下来回滑动GridView，创建过多AsyncTask导致了CPU无法负荷而发生ANR。这个问题也是由于之前我对android线程的了解还不够深入所引发的。AsyncTask本质是属于线程池，多次new所消耗的资源远远超过了Thread，这就是为什么AsyncTask比较适合简短、少次的异步操作。下面是官方解释：
AsyncTask is designed to be a helper class around Thread and Handler and does not constitute a generic threading framework. AsyncTasks should ideally be used for short operations (a few seconds at the most.) If you need to keep threads running for long periods of time, it is highly recommended you use the various APIs provided by the java.util.concurrent pacakge such as Executor, ThreadPoolExecutor and FutureTask. 

并且那是每次触发getView时如果cache中没有图片的bitmap话，就会new AsyncTask来执行获取缩略图的操作，这样的后果就是那段代码变成了垃圾。因此我就从网上寻找可行的优化方案，找到了一个比较靠谱的http://cindy-lee.iteye.com/blog/1300818，这回监听了Scroll状态，new的子线程是少了，可是我仔细想了想，感觉他的代码还是可以进一步优化（七楼就是我提的两个改进方案）。我的终极优化方案就是应用启动时就专门创建一个子线程来根据ScrollListener的状态执行解析缩略图的操作。

终于黄天不服有心人，还真让我在MIUI的FileExplore源码和android的Contacts源码中找到了。

SyncThumbnailExtractor是异步提取缩略图的主类，最主要的就是继承于HandlerThread的ExtractorThread，通过mExtractorHandler = new Handler(getLooper(), this)创建唯一的线程，产成消息队列，这样它会无限循环地处理send进来的Message，执行提取缩略图的操作。好了，不废话，直接代码。

001	public class SyncThumbnailExtractor implements Callback{

002

003	private static final String LOADER_THREAD_NAME = "FileIconLoader";

004

/**

005	* Type of message sent by the UI thread to itself to indicate that some

006	* thumbnails need to be extracted.

007

*/

008	private static final int MESSAGE_REQUEST_EXTRACTING = 1;

009

010

/**

011	* Type of message sent by the loader thread to indicate that some thumbnails

012	* have been extracted.

013

*/

014	private static final int MESSAGE_THUMBNAIL_EXTRACTED = 2;

015

016	private boolean mPaused;

017	private boolean mDecodingRequested = false;

018

019	final Handler mMainHandler = new Handler(this);

020	ExtractorThread mExtractorThread;

021	private Context mContext ;

022

023	private final ConcurrentHashMap<ImageView, FileInfo> mPendingRequests = new ConcurrentHashMap<ImageView, FileInfo>();

024	private final static ConcurrentHashMap<String, ImageHolder> mImageCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, ImageHolder>();

025

026	private static abstract class ImageHolder {

027	public static final int NEEDED = 0;

028

029	public static final int EXTRACTING = 1;

030

031	public static final int EXTRACTED = 2;

032

033	int state;

034

035	public static ImageHolder create(String mime) {

036	if(mime == null)

037	return null;

038	if(mime.contains(ThumbnailUtils.APK)){

039	return new DrawableHolder();

040

}

041	else if(MediaFile.isImageByMimeType(mime) ||

042	MediaFile.isVideoByMimeType(mime)){

043	return new BitmapHolder();

044

}

045

046	return null;

047

};

048

049	public abstract boolean setImageView(ImageView v);

050

051	public abstract boolean isNull();

052

053	public abstract void setImage(Object image);

054

}

055

056	private static class BitmapHolder extends ImageHolder {

057	SoftReference<Bitmap> bitmapRef;

058

059

@Override

060	public boolean setImageView(ImageView v) {

061	if (bitmapRef.get() == null)

062	return false;

063	v.setImageBitmap(bitmapRef.get());

064	return true;

065

}

066

067

@Override

068	public boolean isNull() {

069	return bitmapRef == null;

070

}

071

072

@Override

073	public void setImage(Object image) {

074	bitmapRef = image == null ? null : new SoftReference<Bitmap>((Bitmap) image);

075

}

076

}

077

078	private static class DrawableHolder extends ImageHolder {

079	SoftReference<Drawable> drawableRef;

080

081

@Override

082	public boolean setImageView(ImageView v) {

083	if (drawableRef.get() == null)

084	return false;

085

086	v.setImageDrawable(drawableRef.get());

087	return true;

088

}

089

090

@Override

091	public boolean isNull() {

092	return drawableRef == null;

093

}

094

095

@Override

096	public void setImage(Object image) {

097	drawableRef = image == null ? null : new SoftReference<Drawable>((Drawable) image);

098

}

099

}

100

101	private static class FileInfo{

102	public FileInfo(String path,String mime){

103	this.path = path;

104	this.mime = mime;

105

}

106

107	public String path;

108	public String mime;

109

}

110

111	public SyncThumbnailExtractor(Context context) {

112	mContext = context;

113

}

114

115	public void clear(){

116	mPaused = false;

117	mImageCache.clear();

118	mPendingRequests.clear();

119

}

120

121	//当前Activity调用OnDestory时，将<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">ExtractorThread退出，并清空缓存</span>

122	public void stop(){

123

pause();

124

125	if (mExtractorThread != null) {

126	mExtractorThread.quit();

127	mExtractorThread = null;

128

}

129

130

clear();

131

}

132

133	public void resume(){

134	mPaused = false;

135	if (!mPendingRequests.isEmpty()) {

136	<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">requestExtracting</span>();

137

}

138

}

139

140	public void pause(){

141	mPaused = true;

142

}

143

144

/**

145	* Load thumbnail into the supplied image view. If the thumbnail is already cached,

146	* it is displayed immediately. Otherwise a request is sent to load the

147	* thumbnail from the database.

148

*

149	* @param id, database id

150

*/

151	public boolean decodeThumbnail(ImageView view, String path,String mime) {

152	boolean extracted = loadCache(view, path, mime);

153	if (extracted) {

154	mPendingRequests.remove(view);

155

} else {

156	mPendingRequests.put(view, new FileInfo(path,mime));

157	if (!mPaused) {

158	// Send a request to start loading thumbnails

159	<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">requestExtracting</span>();

160

}

161

}

162	return extracted;

163

}

164

165	//set default icon by MimeType for unextracted mefile

166	private void setImageByMimeType(ImageView image,String mime){

167	if( mime.contains(ThumbnailUtils.APK)){

168	image.setImageResource(R.drawable.apk);

169

}

170	else if (mime.contains(ThumbnailUtils.VIDEO)) {

171	image.setImageResource(R.drawable.video);

172

}

173	else if (mime.contains(ThumbnailUtils.IMAGE)) {

174	image.setImageResource(R.drawable.image);

175

}

176

}

177

178

/**

179	* Checks if the thumbnail is present in cache. If so, sets the thumbnail on the

180	* view, otherwise sets the state of the thumbnail to

181	* {<a href="http://my.oschina.net/link1212" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">@link</a>  BitmapHolder#NEEDED}

182

*/

183	private boolean loadCache(ImageView view, String path, String mime) {

184	ImageHolder holder = mImageCache.get(path);

185

186	if (holder == null) {

187	holder = ImageHolder.create(mime);

188	if (holder == null)

189	return false;

190	mImageCache.put(path, holder);

191	} else if (holder.state == ImageHolder.EXTRACTED) {

192	if (holder.isNull()) {

193	setImageByMimeType(view, mime);

194	return true;

195

}

196	// failing to set imageview means that the soft reference was

197	// released by the GC, we need to reload the thumbnail.

198	if (holder.setImageView(view)) {

199	return true;

200

}

201

202	holder.setImage(null);

203

}

204

205	setImageByMimeType(view, mime);

206	holder.state = ImageHolder.NEEDED;

207	return false;

208

}

209

210

/**

211	* Sends a message to this thread itself to start loading images. If the

212	* current view contains multiple image views, all of those image views will

213	* get a chance to request their respective thumbnails before any of those

214	* requests are executed. This allows us to load images in bulk.

215

*/

216	private void requestExtracting() {

217	if (!mDecodingRequested) {

218	mDecodingRequested = true;

219	mMainHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MESSAGE_REQUEST_EXTRACTING);

220

}

221

}

222

223

/**

224	* @Description: handle <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">MESSAGE_REQUEST_EXTRACTING message to create </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">ExtractorThread and start</span>    *                to extract thumbnail in mPendingRequests's file

225	* @param msg

226	* <a href="http://my.oschina.net/u/556800" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">@return</a>

227

*/

228

@Override

229	public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {

230	switch(msg.what){

231	case MESSAGE_REQUEST_EXTRACTING:

232	mDecodingRequested = false;

233	if (mExtractorThread == null) {

234	mExtractorThread = new ExtractorThread();

235	mExtractorThread.start();

236

}

237	mExtractorThread.requestLoading();

238	return true;

239	case MESSAGE_THUMBNAIL_EXTRACTED:

240	if (!mPaused) {

241	processExtractThumbnails();

242

}

243	return true;

244

}

245	return false;

246

247

}

248

249

/**

250	* Goes over pending loading requests and displays extracted thumbnails. If some of

251	* the thumbnails still haven't been extracted, sends another request for image

252	* loading.

253

*/

254	private void processExtractThumbnails() {

255	Iterator<ImageView> iterator = mPendingRequests.keySet().iterator();

256	while (iterator.hasNext()) {

257	ImageView view = iterator.next();

258	FileInfo info = mPendingRequests.get(view);

259	boolean extracted = loadCache(view, info.path, info.mime);

260	if (extracted) {

261	iterator.remove();

262

}

263

}

264

265	if (!mPendingRequests.isEmpty()) {

266	requestExtracting();

267

}

268

}

269

270

271

272	private class ExtractorThread extends HandlerThread implements Callback{

273

274	private Handler mExtractorHandler;

275

/**

276	* @Description:

277	* @param name

278

*/

279	public ExtractorThread() {

280	super(LOADER_THREAD_NAME);

281

}

282

283

/**

284	* Sends a message to this thread to extract requested thumbnails.

285

*/

286	public void requestLoading() {

287	if (mExtractorHandler == null) {

288	mExtractorHandler = new Handler(getLooper(), this);

289

}

290	mExtractorHandler.sendEmptyMessage(0);

291

}

292

293

/**

294	* @Description: extract thumbnail

295	* @param msg

296	* <a href="http://my.oschina.net/u/556800" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">@return</a>

297

*/

298

@Override

299	public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {

300	Iterator<FileInfo> iterator = mPendingRequests.values().iterator();

301	while (iterator.hasNext()) {

302	FileInfo info = iterator.next();

303

304	ImageHolder holder = mImageCache.get(info.path);

305	if (holder != null && holder.state == ImageHolder.NEEDED) {

306	// Assuming atomic behavior

307	holder.state = ImageHolder.EXTRACTING;

308

309	if(info.mime == null){

310	holder.setImage(FileUtil.sInvalidBmp);

311

} else {

312	if(info.mime.contains(ThumbnailUtils.APK)){

313	Drawable icon = ThumbnailUtils.getApkIcon(mContext, info.path);

314	holder.setImage(icon);

315

}

316	else if(MediaFile.isVideoByMimeType(info.mime)){

317	holder.setImage(ThumbnailUtils.getVideoThumb(info.path));

318

}

319	else if(MediaFile.isImageByMimeType(info.mime)){

320	holder.setImage(ThumbnailUtils.getScaleImageThumb(mContext, info.path));

321

}

322

}

323

324	holder.state = BitmapHolder.EXTRACTED;

325	mImageCache.put(info.path, holder);

326

}

327

}

328

329	mMainHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MESSAGE_THUMBNAIL_EXTRACTED);

330	return true;

331

}

332

333

}

334

335

}

 

然后在Adapter的构造函数中创建该类：

1	public FileGridQueneAdapter(Context context, GridView gridView) {

2	mInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);

3	mContext = context;

4	syncThumbExtractor = new SyncThumbnailExtractor(context);

5	mGridView = gridView;

6	mGridView.setOnScrollListener(this);

7

}

getView中为需要缩略图的文件调用decodeThumbnail方法：

1	String mime = FileUtil.getMime(path);

2	if(ThumbnailUtils.isNeedSyncDecodeByMime(mime)){

3	syncThumbExtractor.decodeThumbnail(icon, path, mime);

4

} else {

5	icon.setImageBitmap(ThumbnailUtils.getThumbnail(mContext, path));

6

}

在Adapter中添加SyncThumbnailExtractor四个操作，供Activity以及ScrollListener使用：

01	public void clear(){

02	syncThumbExtractor.clear();

03

}

04

05	public void pause(){

06	syncThumbExtractor.pause();

07

}

08

09	public void stop(){

10	syncThumbExtractor.stop();

11

}

12

13	public void resume(){

14	syncThumbExtractor.resume();

15

}

最后给GridView或者ListView添加ScrollListener：

01

@Override

02	public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) {

03	if(scrollState == OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_FLING){

04

pause();

05

} else {

06

resume();

07

}

08

}

09

10

@Override

11	public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount,

12	int totalItemCount) {

13

14

}