Linux - sysctl

sysctl命令被用于在内核运行时动态地修改内核的运行参数，可用的内核参数在目录/proc/sys中。它包含一些TCP/ip堆栈和虚拟内存系统的高级选项， 这可以让有经验的管理员提高引人注目的系统性能。用sysctl可以读取设置超过五百个系统变量。

sysctl变量的设置通常是字符串、数字或者布尔型。（布尔型用 1 来表示'yes'，用 0 来表示'no'）。

语法

-n：打印值时不打印关键字；
-e：忽略未知关键字错误；
-N：仅打印名称；
-w：临时改变sysctl设置的变量；
-p：从配置文件“/etc/sysctl.conf”加载内核参数设置；
-a：打印当前所有可用的内核参数变量和值；
-A：以表格方式打印当前所有可用的内核参数变量和值。

配置sysctl

编辑此文件：/etc/sysctl.conf

如果该文件为空，则输入以下内容，否则请根据情况自己做调整：

# Controls source route verification
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1

# Disables IP source routing
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0

# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0

# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

# Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm
# Only uncomment if needed!
# kernel.shmmax = 67108864

# Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0

# enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1

# Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25

# Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200

# Turn on the tcp_window_scaling
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1

# Turn on the tcp_sack
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1

# tcp_fack should be on because of sack
net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1

# Turn on the tcp_timestamps
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1

# Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

# Enable ignoring broadcasts request
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

# Enable bad error message Protection
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

# make more local ports available
# net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

# set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′
net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5

# Lower syn retry rates
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3

# Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048

# Various Settings
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024

# Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached
net.core.hot_list_length = 256

# Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000

# This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues
net.core.rmem_default = 65535
net.core.rmem_max = 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608
net.core.wmem_default = 65535
net.core.wmem_max = 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608
net.core.optmem_max = 40960

如果希望屏蔽别人 ping 你的主机，则加入以下代码：

# Disable ping requests
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1

编辑完成后，请执行以下命令使变动立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p
/sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

如果仅仅是想临时改变某个系统参数的值，可以用两种方法来实现,例如想启用IP路由转发功能：   

$ echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
$ sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

以上两种方法都可能立即开启路由功能，但如果系统重启，或执行了

$ service network restart

 命令，所设置的值即会丢失，如果想永久保留配置，可以修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件:

net.ipv4.ip_forward=0改为net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

配置core

1. 查询core dump文件路径：
方法1：# cat /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern

方法2：# /sbin/sysctl kernel.core_pattern

2. 修改core dump文件路径：
方法1：临时修改：修改/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern文件，但/proc目录本身是动态加载的，每次系统重启都会重新加载，因此这种方法只能作为临时修改。
/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
例：echo ‘/var/log/%e.core.%p’ > /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern

方法2：永久修改：使用sysctl -w name=value命令。
例：/sbin/sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=/var/log/%e.core.%p

为了更详尽的记录core dump当时的系统状态，可通过以下参数来丰富core文件的命名：
%% 单个%字符
%p 所dump进程的进程ID
%u 所dump进程的实际用户ID
%g 所dump进程的实际组ID
%s 导致本次core dump的信号
%t core dump的时间 (由1970年1月1日计起的秒数)
%h 主机名
%e 程序文件名