Java 验证码实践

ValidateCode.java

public class ValidateCode {
	// 图片的宽度。
	private int width = 160;
	// 图片的高度。
	private int height = 40;
	// 验证码字符个数
	private int codeCount = 5;
	// 验证码干扰线数
	private int lineCount = 150;
	// 验证码
	private String code = null;
	// 验证码图片Buffer
	private BufferedImage buffImg=null;

	private char[] codeSequence = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J',
			'K', 'L', 'M', 'N',  'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W',
			'X', 'Y', 'Z',  '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' };

	public  ValidateCode() {
		this.createCode();
	}

	/**
	 *
	 * @param width 图片宽
	 * @param height 图片高
	 */
	public  ValidateCode(int width,int height) {
		this.width=width;
		this.height=height;
		this.createCode();
	}
	/**
	 *
	 * @param width 图片宽
	 * @param height 图片高
	 * @param codeCount 字符个数
	 * @param lineCount 干扰线条数
	 */
	public  ValidateCode(int width,int height,int codeCount,int lineCount) {
		this.width=width;
		this.height=height;
		this.codeCount=codeCount;
		this.lineCount=lineCount;
		this.createCode();
	}

	public void createCode() {
		int x = 0,fontHeight=0,codeY=0;
		int red = 0, green = 0, blue = 0;

		x = width / (codeCount +2);//每个字符的宽度
		fontHeight = height - 2;//字体的高度
		codeY = height - 4;

		// 图像buffer
		buffImg = new BufferedImage(width, height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		Graphics2D g = buffImg.createGraphics();
		// 生成随机数
		Random random = new Random();
		// 将图像填充为白色
		g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
		g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
		// 创建字体
		g.setFont(new Font("Helvetica", Font.BOLD,20));

		for (int i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
			int xs = random.nextInt(width);
			int ys = random.nextInt(height);
			int xe = xs+random.nextInt(width/8);
			int ye = ys+random.nextInt(height/8);
			red = random.nextInt(255);
			green = random.nextInt(255);
			blue = random.nextInt(255);
			g.setColor(new Color(red, green, blue));
			g.drawLine(xs, ys, xe, ye);
		}

		// randomCode记录随机产生的验证码
		StringBuffer randomCode = new StringBuffer();
		// 随机产生codeCount个字符的验证码。
		for (int i = 0; i < codeCount; i++) {
			String strRand = String.valueOf(codeSequence[random.nextInt(codeSequence.length)]);
			// 产生随机的颜色值，让输出的每个字符的颜色值都将不同。
			red = random.nextInt(255);
			green = random.nextInt(255);
			blue = random.nextInt(255);
			g.setColor(new Color(red, green, blue));
			g.drawString(strRand, (i + 1) * x, codeY);
			// 将产生的四个随机数组合在一起。
			randomCode.append(strRand);
		}
		// 将四位数字的验证码保存到Session中。
		code=randomCode.toString();
	}

	public void write(String path) throws IOException {
		OutputStream sos = new FileOutputStream(path);
		this.write(sos);
	}

	public void write(OutputStream sos) throws IOException {
		ImageIO.write(buffImg, "png", sos);
		sos.close();
	}
	public BufferedImage getBuffImg() {
		return buffImg;
	}

	public String getCode() {
		return code;
	}
}

ValidateCodeServlet.java

public class ValidateCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    /**
     * spring中注册的缓存服务名
     */
    public static final String CACHE_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME = "cacheService";

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest reqeust,
                         HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = reqeust.getSession();
        ValidateCode vCode = new ValidateCode(120, 40, 5, 50);
        String code = new String(vCode.getCode().getBytes("ISO8859-1"));

        // 验证码进缓存--- 另一种思路：验证码存在session中  session.setAttribute方法
        CacheService cacheService = SpringLocator.getBean(CACHE_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME);
        if (null == cacheService) {
            return;
        }
        cacheService.add(new CacheKey(CacheKeyNamespace.OBJ_VALIDATE_CODE, session.getId()), code.toLowerCase().trim());
        // 设置响应的类型格式为图片格式
        response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //禁止图像缓存。
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        response.setHeader("Captcha", code);
        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);

        vCode.write(response.getOutputStream());
    }
}

web.xml

<servlet>
<servlet-name>ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>包路径.ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name>
	<url-pattern>/validateCode</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

前端页面

<img id="identifying-code-img"  src="validateCode" οnclick="changeIdentifyingCode(jQuery(this))">
...
function changeIdentifyingCode(element) {
    element.attr("src", "validateCode?"+Math.random());
}