NANDFLASH驱动程序

本代码来自于韦东山老师嵌入式二期驱动视频所讲解，仅供学习参考。如有侵权等行为，可当即撤销本文章。更多信息请关注www.100ask.com!!!

NAND FLASH驱动程序层次

看内核启动信息
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=3, 30ns Twrph0=7 70ns, Twrph1=3 30ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Scanning device for bad blocks
Bad eraseblock 256 at 0x02000000
Bad eraseblock 257 at 0x02020000
Bad eraseblock 319 at 0x027e0000
Bad eraseblock 606 at 0x04bc0000
Bad eraseblock 608 at 0x04c00000
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00040000 : "bootloader"
0x00040000-0x00060000 : "params"
0x00060000-0x00260000 : "kernel"
0x00260000-0x10000000 : "root"

搜"S3C24XX NAND Driver"
S3c2410.c (drivers\mtd\nand)

s3c2410_nand_inithw
s3c2410_nand_init_chip
nand_scan  // drivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c 根据nand_chip的底层操作函数识别NAND FLASH，构造mtd_info
    nand_scan_ident
        nand_set_defaults
			if (!chip->select_chip)
				chip->select_chip = nand_select_chip; // 默认值不适用

			if (chip->cmdfunc == NULL)
				chip->cmdfunc = nand_command;
									chip->cmd_ctrl(mtd, command, ctrl);
			if (!chip->read_byte)
				chip->read_byte = nand_read_byte;
									readb(chip->IO_ADDR_R);
			if (chip->waitfunc == NULL)
				chip->waitfunc = nand_wait;
									chip->dev_ready
        
        
        nand_get_flash_type
            chip->select_chip(mtd, 0);
            chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READID, 0x00, -1);
            *maf_id = chip->read_byte(mtd);
            dev_id = chip->read_byte(mtd);
    nand_scan_tail
    		mtd->erase = nand_erase;
    		mtd->read = nand_read;
    		mtd->write = nand_write;
s3c2410_nand_add_partition
    add_mtd_partitions
        add_mtd_device
            list_for_each(this, &mtd_notifiers) { // 问. mtd_notifiers在哪设置
                                                  // 答. drivers/mtd/mtdchar.c,mtd_blkdev.c调用register_mtd_user
                struct mtd_notifier *not = list_entry(this, struct mtd_notifier, list);
                not->add(mtd);
                // mtd_notify_add  和 blktrans_notify_add
                先看字符设备的mtd_notify_add
                        class_device_create
                        class_device_create
                再看块设备的blktrans_notify_add
                    list_for_each(this, &blktrans_majors) { // 问. blktrans_majors在哪设置
                                                            // 答. drivers\mtd\mdblock.c或mtdblock_ro.c   register_mtd_blktrans
                        struct mtd_blktrans_ops *tr = list_entry(this, struct mtd_blktrans_ops, list);              
                        tr->add_mtd(tr, mtd);
                                mtdblock_add_mtd (drivers\mtd\mdblock.c)
                                    add_mtd_blktrans_dev
                                        alloc_disk
                                        gd->queue = tr->blkcore_priv->rq; // tr->blkcore_priv->rq = blk_init_queue(mtd_blktrans_request, &tr->blkcore_priv->queue_lock);
                                        add_disk            



测试4th:
1. make menuconfig去掉内核自带的NAND FLASH驱动
-> Device Drivers
  -> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support
    -> NAND Device Support
   < >   NAND Flash support for S3C2410/S3C2440 SoC
2. make uImage
   使用新内核启动, 并且使用NFS作为根文件系统
3. insmod s3c_nand.ko
4. 格式化 (参考下面编译工具)
   flash_eraseall  /dev/mtd3  // yaffs
   
5. 挂接
   mount -t yaffs /dev/mtdblock3 /mnt
6. 在/mnt目录下建文件   



编译工具：
1. tar xjf mtd-utils-05.07.23.tar.bz2 
2. cd mtd-utils-05.07.23/util
修改Makefile:
#CROSS=arm-linux-
改为
CROSS=arm-linux-
3. make
4. cp flash_erase flash_eraseall /work/nfs_root/first_fs/bin/

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ioport.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>

#include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
#include <linux/mtd/nand.h>
#include <linux/mtd/nand_ecc.h>
#include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>

#include <asm/io.h>

#include <asm/arch/regs-nand.h>
#include <asm/arch/nand.h>

struct s3c_nand_regs {
	unsigned long nfconf  ;
	unsigned long nfcont  ;
	unsigned long nfcmd   ;
	unsigned long nfaddr  ;
	unsigned long nfdata  ;
	unsigned long nfeccd0 ;
	unsigned long nfeccd1 ;
	unsigned long nfeccd  ;
	unsigned long nfstat  ;
	unsigned long nfestat0;
	unsigned long nfestat1;
	unsigned long nfmecc0 ;
	unsigned long nfmecc1 ;
	unsigned long nfsecc  ;
	unsigned long nfsblk  ;
	unsigned long nfeblk  ;
};


static struct nand_chip *s3c_nand_chip;
static struct mtd_info *s3c_mtd;
static struct s3c_nand_regs *s3c_nand_regs;

static struct mtd_partition s3c_nand_parts[] = {
	[0] = {
        .name   = "bootloader",
        .size   = 0x00040000,
		.offset	= 0,
	},
	[1] = {
        .name   = "params",
        .offset = MTDPART_OFS_APPEND,  /* MTDPART_OFS_APPEND紧跟着上一个分区 */
        .size   = 0x00020000,
	},
	[2] = {
        .name   = "kernel",
        .offset = MTDPART_OFS_APPEND,
        .size   = 0x00200000,
	},
	[3] = {
        .name   = "root",
        .offset = MTDPART_OFS_APPEND,
        .size   = MTDPART_SIZ_FULL,
	}
};

static void	s3c2440_select_chip(struct mtd_info * mtd, int chipnr)
{
	if (chipnr == -1)
	{
		/* 取消片选 */
		s3c_nand_regs->nfcont |= (1<<1);
	}
	else
	{
		/* 使能片选 */
		s3c_nand_regs->nfcont &= ~(1<<1);
	}
}

static void s3c2440_cmd_ctrl(struct mtd_info *mtd, int dat, unsigned int ctrl)
{
	if (ctrl & NAND_CLE)
	{
		/* 发命令:NFCMMD=dat */
		s3c_nand_regs->nfcmd = dat;
	}
	else
	{
		/* 发地址:NFADDR=dat */
		s3c_nand_regs->nfaddr = dat;
	}
}

static int s3c2440_device_ready(struct mtd_info *mtd)
{
	return s3c_nand_regs->nfstat & (1<<0);  /* NFSTST的bit[0] */
}

static int s3c_nand_init(void)
{
	struct clk *clk;
	
	/* 1.分配一个nand_chip结构体 */
	s3c_nand_chip = kzalloc(sizeof(struct nand_chip), GFP_KERNEL);
	s3c_nand_regs = ioremap(0x4E000000, sizeof(struct s3c_nand_regs));
	
	/* 2.设置nand_chip结构体 */
	/* 设置nand_chip结构体是给nand_scan用的，如果不知道怎么设置nand_chip结构体，先看看nand_scan怎么用 
	 * 提供选中，发命令，发地址，发数据，读数据，判断状态的功能
	 */
	s3c_nand_chip->select_chip = s3c2440_select_chip;
	s3c_nand_chip->cmd_ctrl = s3c2440_cmd_ctrl;
	s3c_nand_chip->IO_ADDR_R = &s3c_nand_regs->nfdata; /* NFDATA的虚拟地址 */
	s3c_nand_chip->IO_ADDR_W = &s3c_nand_regs->nfdata;
	s3c_nand_chip->dev_ready = s3c2440_device_ready;
	s3c_nand_chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_SOFT;	/* enable ECC */
	/* 3.硬件相关的设置:根据NANDFLASH手册设置时间参数 */
	/* 使能NAND FLASH控制器的时钟 */
	clk = clk_get(NULL, "nand");
	clk_enable(clk);              /* CLKCON'bit[4] */
	/* HCLK=100MHz
	 * TACLS:  发出CLE/ALE之后多长时间才发出nWE信号, 从NAND手册可知CLE/ALE与nWE可以同时发出,所以TACLS=0
	 * TWRPH0: nWE的脉冲宽度, HCLK x ( TWRPH0 + 1 ), 从NAND手册可知它要>=12ns, 所以TWRPH0>=1
	 * TWRPH1: nWE变为高电平后多长时间CLE/ALE才能变为低电平, 从NAND手册可知它要>=5ns, 所以TWRPH1>=0
	 */
#define TACLS    0
#define TWRPH0   1
#define TWRPH1   0
	s3c_nand_regs->nfconf = (TACLS<<12) | (TWRPH0<<8) | (TWRPH1<<4);

	/* NFCONT: 
	 * BIT1-设为1, 取消片选 
	 * BIT0-设为1, 使能NAND FLASH控制器
	 */
	s3c_nand_regs->nfcont = (1<<1) | (1<<0);

	/* 4.使用nand_scan */
	s3c_mtd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct mtd_info), GFP_KERNEL);
	s3c_mtd->priv = s3c_nand_chip;
	s3c_mtd->owner = THIS_MODULE;
	
	nand_scan(s3c_mtd, 1); /* 识别NANDFLASH, 构造mtd_info结构体 */
	
	/* 5.add_mtd_partitions分区 */
	add_mtd_partitions(s3c_mtd, s3c_nand_parts, 4);
	
	return 0;
}

static void s3c_nand_exit(void)
{
	del_mtd_partitions(s3c_mtd);
	kfree(s3c_mtd);
	iounmap(s3c_nand_regs);
	kfree(s3c_nand_chip);
}

module_init(s3c_nand_init);
module_exit(s3c_nand_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");