Ubuntu开机后nvidia-smi英伟达驱动消失,或_解决更改内核无效的问题。

原因一：

没有在开机启动项将secure boot禁用

解决：开机时按del进入，找到security，在里面找secure boot 并选择disabled。（tips:进启动项也有可能是别的键）

原因二：

系统使用了新内核。

解决：更换内核。
首先查看系统内核:

uname -r

记住当前版本,然后查看所有内核:

grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg

选择旧版本.下面以我为例:
我的所有内核信息:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
  menuentry_id_option=""
export menuentry_id_option
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f' {
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f' {
	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-70-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-70-generic-advanced-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f' {
	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-70-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-70-generic-init-upstart-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f' {
	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-70-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-70-generic-recovery-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f' {
	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-66-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-66-generic-advanced-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f' {
	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-66-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-66-generic-init-upstart-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f' {
	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-66-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-66-generic-recovery-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f' {
	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-64-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-64-generic-advanced-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f' {
	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-64-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-64-generic-init-upstart-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f' {
	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-64-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-64-generic-recovery-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f' {
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {

比如我想更换内核到4.15.0-64, 那么我需要复制两条信息:
第一个是跟在Advanced options for Ubuntu后面的id:
gnulinux-advanced-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f
第二个是内核版本后面的id(4.15.0-64-generic):
gnulinux-4.15.0-64-generic-advanced-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f
确定这两条内容后我们打开grub文件进行修改:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

修改grub文件中的GRUB_DEFAULT=“gnulinux-advanced-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f>gnulinux-4.15.0-64-generic-advanced-5b51bd63-24ef-4c07-a6b0-0d95283dec4f”
两个id中间用>分隔.
保存关闭文件,终端敲

sudo update-grub

最后重启:

sudo reboot