一、套接字(socket)概念
套接字(socket)是通信的基石,是支持TCP/IP协议的网络通信的基本操作单元。它是网络通信过程中端点的抽象表示,包含进行网络通信必须的五种信息:连接使用的协议,本地主机的IP地址,本地进程的协议端口,远地主机的IP地址,远地进程的协议端口。
应用层通过传输层进行数据通信时,TCP会遇到同时为多个应用程序进程提供并发服务的问题。多个TCP连接或多个应用程序进程可能需要通过同一个 TCP协议端口传输数据。为了区别不同的应用程序进程和连接,许多计算机操作系统为应用程序与TCP/IP协议交互提供了套接字(Socket)接口。应 用层可以和传输层通过Socket接口,区分来自不同应用程序进程或网络连接的通信,实现数据传输的并发服务。
二、建立socket连接
建立Socket连接至少需要一对套接字,其中一个运行于客户端,称为ClientSocket ,另一个运行于服务器端,称为ServerSocket 。
套接字之间的连接过程分为三个步骤:服务器监听,客户端请求,连接确认。
- 服务器监听:服务器端套接字并不定位具体的客户端套接字,而是处于等待连接的状态,实时监控网络状态,等待客户端的连接请求
- 客户端请求:指客户端的套接字提出连接请求,要连接的目标是服务器端的套接字。为此,客户端的套接字必须首先描述它要连接的服务器的套接字,指出服务器端套接字的地址和端口号,然后就向服务器端套接字提出连接请求。
- 连接确认:当服务器端套接字监听到或者说接收到客户端套接字的连接请求时,就响应客户端套接字的请求,建立一个新的线程,把服务器端套接字的描述发给客户 端,一旦客户端确认了此描述,双方就正式建立连接。而服务器端套接字继续处于监听状态,继续接收其他客户端套接字的连接请求。
三、SOCKET连接与TCP连接
创建Socket连接时,可以指定使用的传输层协议,Socket可以支持不同的传输层协议(TCP或UDP),当使用TCP协议进行连接时,该Socket连接就是一个TCP连接。
四、Socket连接与HTTP连接
由于通常情况下Socket连接就是TCP连接,因此Socket连接一旦建立,通信双方即可开始相互发送数据内容,直到双方连接断开。但在实际网络应用 中,客户端到服务器之间的通信往往需要穿越多个中间节点,例如路由器、网关、防火墙等,大部分防火墙默认会关闭长时间处于非活跃状态的连接而导致 Socket 连接断连,因此需要通过轮询告诉网络,该连接处于活跃状态。
而HTTP连接使用的是“请求—响应”的方式,不仅在请求时需要先建立连接,而且需要客户端向服务器发出请求后,服务器端才能回复数据。
很多情况下,需要服务器端主动向客户端推送数据,保持客户端与服务器数据的实时与同步。此时若双方建立的是Socket连接,服务器就可以直接将数据传送 给客户端;若双方建立的是HTTP连接,则服务器需要等到客户端发送一次请求后才能将数据传回给客户端,因此,客户端定时向服务器端发送连接请求,不仅可 以保持在线,同时也是在“询问”服务器是否有新的数据,如果有就将数据传给客户端。
五、Socket服务端与客户端通信示意图
六、服务端与客户端代码
1、服务端
(1)服务端窗口设计
1 namespace SocketForm
2 {
3 partial class Form1
4 {
5 /// <summary>
6 /// 必需的设计器变量。
7 /// </summary>
8 private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
9
10 /// <summary>
11 /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
12 /// </summary>
13 /// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源,为 true;否则为 false。</param>
14 protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
15 {
16 if (disposing && (components != null))
17 {
18 components.Dispose();
19 }
20 base.Dispose(disposing);
21 }
22
23 #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
24
25 /// <summary>
26 /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要
27 /// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
28 /// </summary>
29 private void InitializeComponent()
30 {
31 this.panel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Panel();
32 this.tb_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
33 this.lb_Ip = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
34 this.lb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
35 this.tb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
36 this.bt_connnect = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
37 this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();
38 this.txt_msg = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
39 this.bt_send = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
40 this.panel1.SuspendLayout();
41 this.SuspendLayout();
42 //
43 // panel1
44 //
45 this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.bt_connnect);
46 this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_port);
47 this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.tb_port);
48 this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_Ip);
49 this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.tb_ip);
50 this.panel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 12);
51 this.panel1.Name = "panel1";
52 this.panel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(580, 70);
53 this.panel1.TabIndex = 0;
54 //
55 // tb_ip
56 //
57 this.tb_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(44, 18);
58 this.tb_ip.Name = "tb_ip";
59 this.tb_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
60 this.tb_ip.TabIndex = 0;
61 this.tb_ip.Text = "127.0.0.1";
62 //
63 // lb_Ip
64 //
65 this.lb_Ip.AutoSize = true;
66 this.lb_Ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(15, 21);
67 this.lb_Ip.Name = "lb_Ip";
68 this.lb_Ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(23, 12);
69 this.lb_Ip.TabIndex = 1;
70 this.lb_Ip.Text = "IP:";
71 //
72 // lb_port
73 //
74 this.lb_port.AutoSize = true;
75 this.lb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(158, 24);
76 this.lb_port.Name = "lb_port";
77 this.lb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(35, 12);
78 this.lb_port.TabIndex = 3;
79 this.lb_port.Text = "Port:";
80 //
81 // tb_port
82 //
83 this.tb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(199, 21);
84 this.tb_port.Name = "tb_port";
85 this.tb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
86 this.tb_port.TabIndex = 2;
87 this.tb_port.Text = "80";
88 //
89 // bt_connnect
90 //
91 this.bt_connnect.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(316, 15);
92 this.bt_connnect.Name = "bt_connnect";
93 this.bt_connnect.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(132, 42);
94 this.bt_connnect.TabIndex = 4;
95 this.bt_connnect.Text = "开始监听";
96 this.bt_connnect.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
97 this.bt_connnect.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_connnect_Click);
98 //
99 // listBox1
100 //
101 this.listBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;
102 this.listBox1.ItemHeight = 12;
103 this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 112);
104 this.listBox1.Name = "listBox1";
105 this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(580, 124);
106 this.listBox1.TabIndex = 1;
107 //
108 // txt_msg
109 //
110 this.txt_msg.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 255);
111 this.txt_msg.Multiline = true;
112 this.txt_msg.Name = "txt_msg";
113 this.txt_msg.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(424, 73);
114 this.txt_msg.TabIndex = 2;
115 //
116 // bt_send
117 //
118 this.bt_send.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(471, 266);
119 this.bt_send.Name = "bt_send";
120 this.bt_send.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(119, 52);
121 this.bt_send.TabIndex = 3;
122 this.bt_send.Text = "发送";
123 this.bt_send.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
124 this.bt_send.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_send_Click);
125 //
126 // Form1
127 //
128 this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
129 this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
130 this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(695, 340);
131 this.Controls.Add(this.bt_send);
132 this.Controls.Add(this.txt_msg);
133 this.Controls.Add(this.listBox1);
134 this.Controls.Add(this.panel1);
135 this.Name = "Form1";
136 this.Text = "SocketForm";
137 this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
138 this.panel1.ResumeLayout(false);
139 this.panel1.PerformLayout();
140 this.ResumeLayout(false);
141 this.PerformLayout();
142
143 }
144
145 #endregion
146
147 private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panel1;
148 private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_connnect;
149 private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_port;
150 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox tb_port;
151 private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_Ip;
152 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox tb_ip;
153 private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox listBox1;
154 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_msg;
155 private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_send;
156 }
157 }
(2)服务端逻辑设计
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.ComponentModel;
4 using System.Data;
5 using System.Drawing;
6 using System.Linq;
7 using System.Net;
8 using System.Net.Sockets;
9 using System.Text;
10 using System.Threading;
11 using System.Windows.Forms;
12
13 namespace SocketForm
14 {
15 public partial class Form1 : Form
16 {
17 public Form1()
18 {
19 InitializeComponent();
20 }
21
22 private void bt_connnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
23 {
24
25 try
26 {
27 //点击开始监听时 在服务端创建一个负责监听IP和端口号的Socket
28 Socket socketWatch = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
29 IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Any;
30 //创建对象端口
31 IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(tb_port.Text));
32
33 socketWatch.Bind(point);//绑定端口号
34 ShowMsg("监听成功!");
35 socketWatch.Listen(10);//设置监听
36
37 //创建监听线程
38 Thread thread = new Thread(Listen);
39 thread.IsBackground = true;
40 thread.Start(socketWatch);
41 }
42 catch { }
43
44 }
45
46 /// <summary>
47 /// 等待客户端的连接 并且创建与之通信的Socket
48 /// </summary>
49 Socket socketSend;
50 void Listen(object o)
51 {
52 try
53 {
54 Socket socketWatch = o as Socket;
55 while (true)
56 {
57 socketSend = socketWatch.Accept();//等待接收客户端连接
58 ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + ":" + "连接成功!");
59 //开启一个新线程,执行接收消息方法
60 Thread r_thread = new Thread(Received);
61 r_thread.IsBackground = true;
62 r_thread.Start(socketSend);
63 }
64 }
65 catch { }
66 }
67 /// <summary>
68 /// 服务器端不停的接收客户端发来的消息
69 /// </summary>
70 /// <param name="o"></param>
71 void Received(object o)
72 {
73 try
74 {
75 Socket socketSend = o as Socket;
76 while (true)
77 {
78 //客户端连接服务器成功后,服务器接收客户端发送的消息
79 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
80 //实际接收到的有效字节数
81 int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer);
82 if (len == 0)
83 {
84 break;
85 }
86 string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len);
87 ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str);
88 }
89 }
90 catch { }
91 }
92 /// <summary>
93 /// 服务器向客户端发送消息
94 /// </summary>
95 /// <param name="str"></param>
96 void Send(string str) {
97 byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
98 socketSend.Send(buffer);
99 }
100
101 void ShowMsg(string msg)
102 {
103 listBox1.Items.Add(msg + "\r\n");
104 }
105
106 private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
107 {
108 Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
109 }
110
111 private void bt_send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
112 {
113 Send(txt_msg.Text.Trim());
114 }
115 }
116 }
2、客户端
(1)客户端窗口设计
1 namespace SocketClient
2 {
3 partial class Form1
4 {
5 /// <summary>
6 /// 必需的设计器变量。
7 /// </summary>
8 private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
9
10 /// <summary>
11 /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
12 /// </summary>
13 /// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源,为 true;否则为 false。</param>
14 protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
15 {
16 if (disposing && (components != null))
17 {
18 components.Dispose();
19 }
20 base.Dispose(disposing);
21 }
22
23 #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
24
25 /// <summary>
26 /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要
27 /// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
28 /// </summary>
29 private void InitializeComponent()
30 {
31 this.panel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Panel();
32 this.lb_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
33 this.txt_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
34 this.txt_port = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
35 this.lb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
36 this.bt_connect = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
37 this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
38 this.txt_msg = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
39 this.bt_send = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
40 this.panel1.SuspendLayout();
41 this.SuspendLayout();
42 //
43 // panel1
44 //
45 this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.bt_connect);
46 this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.txt_port);
47 this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_port);
48 this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.txt_ip);
49 this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_ip);
50 this.panel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
51 this.panel1.Name = "panel1";
52 this.panel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(463, 75);
53 this.panel1.TabIndex = 0;
54 //
55 // lb_ip
56 //
57 this.lb_ip.AutoSize = true;
58 this.lb_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(14, 23);
59 this.lb_ip.Name = "lb_ip";
60 this.lb_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(23, 12);
61 this.lb_ip.TabIndex = 0;
62 this.lb_ip.Text = "IP:";
63 //
64 // txt_ip
65 //
66 this.txt_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(43, 20);
67 this.txt_ip.Name = "txt_ip";
68 this.txt_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
69 this.txt_ip.TabIndex = 1;
70 this.txt_ip.Text = "127.0.0.1";
71 //
72 // txt_port
73 //
74 this.txt_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(207, 23);
75 this.txt_port.Name = "txt_port";
76 this.txt_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
77 this.txt_port.TabIndex = 3;
78 this.txt_port.Text = "2001";
79 //
80 // lb_port
81 //
82 this.lb_port.AutoSize = true;
83 this.lb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(166, 29);
84 this.lb_port.Name = "lb_port";
85 this.lb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(35, 12);
86 this.lb_port.TabIndex = 2;
87 this.lb_port.Text = "port:";
88 //
89 // bt_connect
90 //
91 this.bt_connect.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(313, 9);
92 this.bt_connect.Name = "bt_connect";
93 this.bt_connect.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(113, 47);
94 this.bt_connect.TabIndex = 4;
95 this.bt_connect.Text = "连接";
96 this.bt_connect.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
97 this.bt_connect.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_connect_Click);
98 //
99 // textBox1
100 //
101 this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 103);
102 this.textBox1.Multiline = true;
103 this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
104 this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(463, 114);
105 this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;
106 //
107 // txt_msg
108 //
109 this.txt_msg.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 246);
110 this.txt_msg.Multiline = true;
111 this.txt_msg.Name = "txt_msg";
112 this.txt_msg.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(291, 54);
113 this.txt_msg.TabIndex = 2;
114 //
115 // bt_send
116 //
117 this.bt_send.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 246);
118 this.bt_send.Name = "bt_send";
119 this.bt_send.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(113, 54);
120 this.bt_send.TabIndex = 3;
121 this.bt_send.Text = "发送";
122 this.bt_send.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
123 this.bt_send.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_send_Click);
124 //
125 // Form1
126 //
127 this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
128 this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
129 this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(493, 323);
130 this.Controls.Add(this.bt_send);
131 this.Controls.Add(this.txt_msg);
132 this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
133 this.Controls.Add(this.panel1);
134 this.Name = "Form1";
135 this.Text = "Form1";
136 this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
137 this.panel1.ResumeLayout(false);
138 this.panel1.PerformLayout();
139 this.ResumeLayout(false);
140 this.PerformLayout();
141
142 }
143
144 #endregion
145
146 private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panel1;
147 private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_ip;
148 private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_connect;
149 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_port;
150 private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_port;
151 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_ip;
152 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
153 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_msg;
154 private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_send;
155 }
156 }
(2)客户端逻辑设计
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.ComponentModel;
4 using System.Data;
5 using System.Drawing;
6 using System.Linq;
7 using System.Net;
8 using System.Net.Sockets;
9 using System.Text;
10 using System.Threading;
11 using System.Windows.Forms;
12
13 namespace SocketClient
14 {
15 public partial class Form1 : Form
16 {
17 public Form1()
18 {
19 InitializeComponent();
20 }
21 Socket socketSend;
22 private void bt_connect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
23 {
24 try
25 {
26 //创建客户端Socket,获得远程ip和端口号
27 socketSend = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
28 IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(txt_ip.Text);
29 IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(txt_port.Text));
30
31 socketSend.Connect(point);
32 ShowMsg("连接成功!");
33 //开启新的线程,不停的接收服务器发来的消息
34 Thread c_thread = new Thread(Received);
35 c_thread.IsBackground = true;
36 c_thread.Start();
37 }
38 catch (Exception){
39 ShowMsg("IP或者端口号错误...");
40 }
41
42 }
43 void ShowMsg(string str)
44 {
45 textBox1.AppendText(str + "\r\n");
46 }
47 /// <summary>
48 /// 接收服务端返回的消息
49 /// </summary>
50 void Received()
51 {
52 while (true)
53 {
54 try
55 {
56 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
57 //实际接收到的有效字节数
58 int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer);
59 if (len == 0)
60 {
61 break;
62 }
63 string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len);
64 ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str);
65 }
66 catch { }
67 }
68 }
69 /// <summary>
70 /// 向服务器发送消息
71 /// </summary>
72 /// <param name="sender"></param>
73 /// <param name="e"></param>
74 private void bt_send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
75 {
76 try
77 {
78 string msg = txt_msg.Text.Trim();
79 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
80 buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);
81 socketSend.Send(buffer);
82 }
83 catch { }
84 }
85
86 private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
87 {
88 Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
89 }
90 }
91 }
七、运行效果
1、服务端
2、客户端