socket通讯

 

一、套接字(socket)概念


  套接字(socket)是通信的基石,是支持TCP/IP协议的网络通信的基本操作单元。它是网络通信过程中端点的抽象表示,包含进行网络通信必须的五种信息:连接使用的协议,本地主机的IP地址,本地进程的协议端口,远地主机的IP地址,远地进程的协议端口。

  应用层通过传输层进行数据通信时,TCP会遇到同时为多个应用程序进程提供并发服务的问题。多个TCP连接或多个应用程序进程可能需要通过同一个 TCP协议端口传输数据。为了区别不同的应用程序进程和连接,许多计算机操作系统为应用程序与TCP/IP协议交互提供了套接字(Socket)接口。应 用层可以和传输层通过Socket接口,区分来自不同应用程序进程或网络连接的通信,实现数据传输的并发服务。

二、建立socket连接


  建立Socket连接至少需要一对套接字,其中一个运行于客户端,称为ClientSocket ,另一个运行于服务器端,称为ServerSocket 。

  套接字之间的连接过程分为三个步骤:服务器监听,客户端请求,连接确认。

  1. 服务器监听:服务器端套接字并不定位具体的客户端套接字,而是处于等待连接的状态,实时监控网络状态,等待客户端的连接请求 
  2. 客户端请求:指客户端的套接字提出连接请求,要连接的目标是服务器端的套接字。为此,客户端的套接字必须首先描述它要连接的服务器的套接字,指出服务器端套接字的地址和端口号,然后就向服务器端套接字提出连接请求。
  3. 连接确认:当服务器端套接字监听到或者说接收到客户端套接字的连接请求时,就响应客户端套接字的请求,建立一个新的线程,把服务器端套接字的描述发给客户 端,一旦客户端确认了此描述,双方就正式建立连接。而服务器端套接字继续处于监听状态,继续接收其他客户端套接字的连接请求。

三、SOCKET连接与TCP连接


  创建Socket连接时,可以指定使用的传输层协议,Socket可以支持不同的传输层协议(TCP或UDP),当使用TCP协议进行连接时,该Socket连接就是一个TCP连接。

四、Socket连接与HTTP连接 

  由于通常情况下Socket连接就是TCP连接,因此Socket连接一旦建立,通信双方即可开始相互发送数据内容,直到双方连接断开。但在实际网络应用 中,客户端到服务器之间的通信往往需要穿越多个中间节点,例如路由器、网关、防火墙等,大部分防火墙默认会关闭长时间处于非活跃状态的连接而导致 Socket 连接断连,因此需要通过轮询告诉网络,该连接处于活跃状态。

  而HTTP连接使用的是“请求—响应”的方式,不仅在请求时需要先建立连接,而且需要客户端向服务器发出请求后,服务器端才能回复数据。

  很多情况下,需要服务器端主动向客户端推送数据,保持客户端与服务器数据的实时与同步。此时若双方建立的是Socket连接,服务器就可以直接将数据传送 给客户端;若双方建立的是HTTP连接,则服务器需要等到客户端发送一次请求后才能将数据传回给客户端,因此,客户端定时向服务器端发送连接请求,不仅可 以保持在线,同时也是在“询问”服务器是否有新的数据,如果有就将数据传给客户端。

五、Socket服务端与客户端通信示意图

六、服务端与客户端代码

  1、服务端

  (1)服务端窗口设计

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  1 namespace SocketForm
  2 {
  3     partial class Form1
  4     {
  5         /// <summary>
  6         /// 必需的设计器变量。
  7         /// </summary>
  8         private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
  9 
 10         /// <summary>
 11         /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
 12         /// </summary>
 13         /// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源,为 true;否则为 false。</param>
 14         protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
 15         {
 16             if (disposing && (components != null))
 17             {
 18                 components.Dispose();
 19             }
 20             base.Dispose(disposing);
 21         }
 22 
 23         #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
 24 
 25         /// <summary>
 26         /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要
 27         /// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
 28         /// </summary>
 29         private void InitializeComponent()
 30         {
 31             this.panel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Panel();
 32             this.tb_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
 33             this.lb_Ip = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
 34             this.lb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
 35             this.tb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
 36             this.bt_connnect = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
 37             this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();
 38             this.txt_msg = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
 39             this.bt_send = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
 40             this.panel1.SuspendLayout();
 41             this.SuspendLayout();
 42             // 
 43             // panel1
 44             // 
 45             this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.bt_connnect);
 46             this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_port);
 47             this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.tb_port);
 48             this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_Ip);
 49             this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.tb_ip);
 50             this.panel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 12);
 51             this.panel1.Name = "panel1";
 52             this.panel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(580, 70);
 53             this.panel1.TabIndex = 0;
 54             // 
 55             // tb_ip
 56             // 
 57             this.tb_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(44, 18);
 58             this.tb_ip.Name = "tb_ip";
 59             this.tb_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
 60             this.tb_ip.TabIndex = 0;
 61             this.tb_ip.Text = "127.0.0.1";
 62             // 
 63             // lb_Ip
 64             // 
 65             this.lb_Ip.AutoSize = true;
 66             this.lb_Ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(15, 21);
 67             this.lb_Ip.Name = "lb_Ip";
 68             this.lb_Ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(23, 12);
 69             this.lb_Ip.TabIndex = 1;
 70             this.lb_Ip.Text = "IP:";
 71             // 
 72             // lb_port
 73             // 
 74             this.lb_port.AutoSize = true;
 75             this.lb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(158, 24);
 76             this.lb_port.Name = "lb_port";
 77             this.lb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(35, 12);
 78             this.lb_port.TabIndex = 3;
 79             this.lb_port.Text = "Port:";
 80             // 
 81             // tb_port
 82             // 
 83             this.tb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(199, 21);
 84             this.tb_port.Name = "tb_port";
 85             this.tb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
 86             this.tb_port.TabIndex = 2;
 87             this.tb_port.Text = "80";
 88             // 
 89             // bt_connnect
 90             // 
 91             this.bt_connnect.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(316, 15);
 92             this.bt_connnect.Name = "bt_connnect";
 93             this.bt_connnect.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(132, 42);
 94             this.bt_connnect.TabIndex = 4;
 95             this.bt_connnect.Text = "开始监听";
 96             this.bt_connnect.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
 97             this.bt_connnect.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_connnect_Click);
 98             // 
 99             // listBox1
100             // 
101             this.listBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;
102             this.listBox1.ItemHeight = 12;
103             this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 112);
104             this.listBox1.Name = "listBox1";
105             this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(580, 124);
106             this.listBox1.TabIndex = 1;
107             // 
108             // txt_msg
109             // 
110             this.txt_msg.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 255);
111             this.txt_msg.Multiline = true;
112             this.txt_msg.Name = "txt_msg";
113             this.txt_msg.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(424, 73);
114             this.txt_msg.TabIndex = 2;
115             // 
116             // bt_send
117             // 
118             this.bt_send.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(471, 266);
119             this.bt_send.Name = "bt_send";
120             this.bt_send.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(119, 52);
121             this.bt_send.TabIndex = 3;
122             this.bt_send.Text = "发送";
123             this.bt_send.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
124             this.bt_send.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_send_Click);
125             // 
126             // Form1
127             // 
128             this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
129             this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
130             this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(695, 340);
131             this.Controls.Add(this.bt_send);
132             this.Controls.Add(this.txt_msg);
133             this.Controls.Add(this.listBox1);
134             this.Controls.Add(this.panel1);
135             this.Name = "Form1";
136             this.Text = "SocketForm";
137             this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
138             this.panel1.ResumeLayout(false);
139             this.panel1.PerformLayout();
140             this.ResumeLayout(false);
141             this.PerformLayout();
142 
143         }
144 
145         #endregion
146 
147         private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panel1;
148         private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_connnect;
149         private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_port;
150         private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox tb_port;
151         private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_Ip;
152         private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox tb_ip;
153         private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox listBox1;
154         private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_msg;
155         private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_send;
156     }
157 }

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  (2)服务端逻辑设计

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  1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using System.ComponentModel;
  4 using System.Data;
  5 using System.Drawing;
  6 using System.Linq;
  7 using System.Net;
  8 using System.Net.Sockets;
  9 using System.Text;
 10 using System.Threading;
 11 using System.Windows.Forms;
 12 
 13 namespace SocketForm
 14 {
 15     public partial class Form1 : Form
 16     {
 17         public Form1()
 18         {
 19             InitializeComponent();
 20         }
 21 
 22         private void bt_connnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 23         {
 24 
 25             try
 26             {
 27                 //点击开始监听时 在服务端创建一个负责监听IP和端口号的Socket
 28                 Socket socketWatch = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
 29                 IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Any;
 30                 //创建对象端口
 31                 IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(tb_port.Text));
 32 
 33                 socketWatch.Bind(point);//绑定端口号
 34                 ShowMsg("监听成功!");
 35                 socketWatch.Listen(10);//设置监听
 36 
 37                 //创建监听线程
 38                 Thread thread = new Thread(Listen);
 39                 thread.IsBackground = true;
 40                 thread.Start(socketWatch);
 41             }
 42             catch { }
 43            
 44         }
 45        
 46         /// <summary>
 47         /// 等待客户端的连接 并且创建与之通信的Socket
 48         /// </summary>
 49         Socket socketSend;
 50         void Listen(object o)
 51         {
 52             try
 53             {
 54                 Socket socketWatch = o as Socket;
 55                 while (true)
 56                 {
 57                     socketSend = socketWatch.Accept();//等待接收客户端连接
 58                     ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + ":" + "连接成功!");
 59                     //开启一个新线程,执行接收消息方法
 60                     Thread r_thread = new Thread(Received);
 61                     r_thread.IsBackground = true;
 62                     r_thread.Start(socketSend);
 63                 }
 64             }
 65             catch { }
 66         }
 67         /// <summary>
 68         /// 服务器端不停的接收客户端发来的消息
 69         /// </summary>
 70         /// <param name="o"></param>
 71         void Received(object o)
 72         {
 73             try
 74             {
 75                 Socket socketSend = o as Socket;
 76                 while (true)
 77                 {
 78                     //客户端连接服务器成功后,服务器接收客户端发送的消息
 79                     byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
 80                     //实际接收到的有效字节数
 81                     int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer);
 82                     if (len == 0)
 83                     {
 84                         break;
 85                     }
 86                     string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len);
 87                     ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str);
 88                 }
 89             }
 90             catch { }
 91         }
 92         /// <summary>
 93         /// 服务器向客户端发送消息
 94         /// </summary>
 95         /// <param name="str"></param>
 96         void Send(string str) {
 97             byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
 98             socketSend.Send(buffer);
 99         }
100 
101         void ShowMsg(string msg)
102         {
103             listBox1.Items.Add(msg + "\r\n");
104         }
105 
106         private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
107         {
108             Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
109         }
110 
111         private void bt_send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
112         {
113             Send(txt_msg.Text.Trim());
114         }
115     }
116 }

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  2、客户端

  (1)客户端窗口设计

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  1 namespace SocketClient
  2 {
  3     partial class Form1
  4     {
  5         /// <summary>
  6         /// 必需的设计器变量。
  7         /// </summary>
  8         private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
  9 
 10         /// <summary>
 11         /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
 12         /// </summary>
 13         /// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源,为 true;否则为 false。</param>
 14         protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
 15         {
 16             if (disposing && (components != null))
 17             {
 18                 components.Dispose();
 19             }
 20             base.Dispose(disposing);
 21         }
 22 
 23         #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
 24 
 25         /// <summary>
 26         /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要
 27         /// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
 28         /// </summary>
 29         private void InitializeComponent()
 30         {
 31             this.panel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Panel();
 32             this.lb_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
 33             this.txt_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
 34             this.txt_port = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
 35             this.lb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
 36             this.bt_connect = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
 37             this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
 38             this.txt_msg = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
 39             this.bt_send = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
 40             this.panel1.SuspendLayout();
 41             this.SuspendLayout();
 42             // 
 43             // panel1
 44             // 
 45             this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.bt_connect);
 46             this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.txt_port);
 47             this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_port);
 48             this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.txt_ip);
 49             this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_ip);
 50             this.panel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
 51             this.panel1.Name = "panel1";
 52             this.panel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(463, 75);
 53             this.panel1.TabIndex = 0;
 54             // 
 55             // lb_ip
 56             // 
 57             this.lb_ip.AutoSize = true;
 58             this.lb_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(14, 23);
 59             this.lb_ip.Name = "lb_ip";
 60             this.lb_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(23, 12);
 61             this.lb_ip.TabIndex = 0;
 62             this.lb_ip.Text = "IP:";
 63             // 
 64             // txt_ip
 65             // 
 66             this.txt_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(43, 20);
 67             this.txt_ip.Name = "txt_ip";
 68             this.txt_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
 69             this.txt_ip.TabIndex = 1;
 70             this.txt_ip.Text = "127.0.0.1";
 71             // 
 72             // txt_port
 73             // 
 74             this.txt_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(207, 23);
 75             this.txt_port.Name = "txt_port";
 76             this.txt_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
 77             this.txt_port.TabIndex = 3;
 78             this.txt_port.Text = "2001";
 79             // 
 80             // lb_port
 81             // 
 82             this.lb_port.AutoSize = true;
 83             this.lb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(166, 29);
 84             this.lb_port.Name = "lb_port";
 85             this.lb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(35, 12);
 86             this.lb_port.TabIndex = 2;
 87             this.lb_port.Text = "port:";
 88             // 
 89             // bt_connect
 90             // 
 91             this.bt_connect.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(313, 9);
 92             this.bt_connect.Name = "bt_connect";
 93             this.bt_connect.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(113, 47);
 94             this.bt_connect.TabIndex = 4;
 95             this.bt_connect.Text = "连接";
 96             this.bt_connect.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
 97             this.bt_connect.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_connect_Click);
 98             // 
 99             // textBox1
100             // 
101             this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 103);
102             this.textBox1.Multiline = true;
103             this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
104             this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(463, 114);
105             this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;
106             // 
107             // txt_msg
108             // 
109             this.txt_msg.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 246);
110             this.txt_msg.Multiline = true;
111             this.txt_msg.Name = "txt_msg";
112             this.txt_msg.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(291, 54);
113             this.txt_msg.TabIndex = 2;
114             // 
115             // bt_send
116             // 
117             this.bt_send.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 246);
118             this.bt_send.Name = "bt_send";
119             this.bt_send.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(113, 54);
120             this.bt_send.TabIndex = 3;
121             this.bt_send.Text = "发送";
122             this.bt_send.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
123             this.bt_send.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_send_Click);
124             // 
125             // Form1
126             // 
127             this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
128             this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
129             this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(493, 323);
130             this.Controls.Add(this.bt_send);
131             this.Controls.Add(this.txt_msg);
132             this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
133             this.Controls.Add(this.panel1);
134             this.Name = "Form1";
135             this.Text = "Form1";
136             this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
137             this.panel1.ResumeLayout(false);
138             this.panel1.PerformLayout();
139             this.ResumeLayout(false);
140             this.PerformLayout();
141 
142         }
143 
144         #endregion
145 
146         private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panel1;
147         private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_ip;
148         private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_connect;
149         private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_port;
150         private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_port;
151         private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_ip;
152         private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
153         private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_msg;
154         private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_send;
155     }
156 }

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  (2)客户端逻辑设计

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 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.ComponentModel;
 4 using System.Data;
 5 using System.Drawing;
 6 using System.Linq;
 7 using System.Net;
 8 using System.Net.Sockets;
 9 using System.Text;
10 using System.Threading;
11 using System.Windows.Forms;
12 
13 namespace SocketClient
14 {
15     public partial class Form1 : Form
16     {
17         public Form1()
18         {
19             InitializeComponent();
20         }
21         Socket socketSend;
22         private void bt_connect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
23         {
24             try
25             {
26                 //创建客户端Socket,获得远程ip和端口号
27                 socketSend = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
28                 IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(txt_ip.Text);
29                 IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(txt_port.Text));
30 
31                 socketSend.Connect(point);
32                 ShowMsg("连接成功!");
33                 //开启新的线程,不停的接收服务器发来的消息
34                 Thread c_thread = new Thread(Received);
35                 c_thread.IsBackground = true;
36                 c_thread.Start();
37             }
38             catch (Exception){
39                 ShowMsg("IP或者端口号错误...");
40             }
41  
42         }
43         void ShowMsg(string str)
44         {
45             textBox1.AppendText(str + "\r\n");
46         }
47         /// <summary>
48         /// 接收服务端返回的消息
49         /// </summary>
50         void Received()
51         {
52             while (true)
53             {
54                 try
55                 {
56                     byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
57                     //实际接收到的有效字节数
58                     int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer);
59                     if (len == 0)
60                     {
61                         break;
62                     }
63                     string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len);
64                     ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str);
65                 }
66                 catch { }
67             }
68         } 
69         /// <summary>
70         /// 向服务器发送消息
71         /// </summary>
72         /// <param name="sender"></param>
73         /// <param name="e"></param>
74         private void bt_send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
75         {
76             try
77             {
78                 string msg = txt_msg.Text.Trim();
79                 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
80                 buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);
81                 socketSend.Send(buffer);
82             }
83             catch { }
84         }
85 
86         private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
87         {
88             Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
89         }
90     }
91 }

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七、运行效果

  1、服务端

  2、客户端

 

 

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Excel是一款强大的电子表格软件,它提供了许多功能和工具,可以用于数据分析、图表绘制、计算等。然而,Excel并不直接支持Socket通讯,因为它主要用于处理数据和计算,而不是网络通信。 Socket通讯是一种网络通信协议,通过使用Socket可以实现不同计算机之间的数据传输。通常,Socket通讯主要用于传输文本或二进制数据,以便实现不同计算机之间的实通信。 要在Excel中实现Socket通讯,需要借助于编程语言来实现Socket编程,并将其集成到Excel中。一种常见的方法是使用VBA(Visual Basic for Applications)来编写宏,以实现Socket通讯。 在VBA中,可以使用Winsock控件来实现Socket通讯。Winsock控件是一个COM组件,提供了Socket编程所需的功能和接口。通过在Excel中引用Winsock控件,可以编写VBA代码来连接到远程计算机,并发送和接收数据。 首先,需要在Excel中添加Winsock控件的引用。然后,在VBA编辑器中,可以使用类似于以下的代码来实现Socket通讯: ``` Dim sock As New Winsock Dim serverIP As String Dim serverPort As Integer Sub ConnectToServer() serverIP = "192.168.0.1" '设置远程计算机的IP地址 serverPort = 1234 '设置连接的端口号 sock.RemoteHost = serverIP sock.RemotePort = serverPort sock.Connect '连接到远程计算机 End Sub Sub SendData(data As String) sock.SendData data '发送数据到远程计算机 End Sub Sub ReceiveData() Dim receivedData As String Do While sock.State = sckConnected '循环接收数据 receivedData = sock.GetData '接收数据 '处理接收到的数据 Loop End Sub Sub DisconnectFromServer() sock.Close '关闭和远程计算机的连接 End Sub ``` 通过调用相应的宏来连接到远程服务器、发送和接收数据以及断开连接,可以实现Excel和其他计算机之间的Socket通讯。 需要注意的是,实现Socket通讯需要具备一定的编程能力,并且需要了解Socket编程的基本原理和相关的网络知识。此外,还需要确保远程计算机的防火墙设置允许Socket通讯,以便正常连接和传输数据。

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