java中的join方法 转载

原创 浅析 Java Thread.join() 收藏

一、在研究join的用法之前，先明确两件事情。

1.join方法定义在Thread类中，则调用者必须是一个线程，

例如：

Thread t = new CustomThread();//这里一般是自定义的线程类

t.start();//线程起动

t.join();//此处会抛出InterruptedException异常



2.上面的两行代码也是在一个线程里面执行的。



以上出现了两个线程，一个是我们自定义的线程类，我们实现了run方法，做一些我们需要的工作；另外一个线程，生成我们自定义线程类的对象，然后执行

customThread.start();

customThread.join();

在这种情况下，两个线程的关系是一个线程由另外一个线程生成并起动，所以我们暂且认为第一个线程叫做“子线程”，另外一个线程叫做“主线程”。



二、为什么要用join()方法

主线程生成并起动了子线程，而子线程里要进行大量的耗时的运算(这里可以借鉴下线程的作用)，当主线程处理完其他的事务后，需要用到子线程的处理结果，这个时候就要用到join();方法了。





三、join方法的作用

在网上看到有人说“将两个线程合并”。这样解释我觉得理解起来还更麻烦。不如就借鉴下API里的说法：

“等待该线程终止。”

解释一下，是主线程(我在 “一”里已经命名过了)等待子线程的终止。也就是在子线程调用了join()方法后面的代码，只有等到子线程结束了才能执行。(Waits for this thread to die.)





四、用实例来理解

写一个简单的例子来看一下join()的用法，一共三个类：

1.CustomThread 类

2. CustomThread1类

3. JoinTestDemo 类，main方法所在的类。



代码1：

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1. package wxhx.csdn2;
2. /**
3. *
4. * @author bzwm
5. *
6. */
7. class CustomThread1 extends Thread {
8. public CustomThread1() {
9. super("[CustomThread1] Thread");
10. };
11. public void run() {
12. String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
13. System.out.println(threadName + " start.");
14. try {
15. for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
16. System.out.println(threadName + " loop at " + i);
17. Thread.sleep(1000);
18. }
19. System.out.println(threadName + " end.");
20. } catch (Exception e) {
21. System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run");
22. }
23. }
24. }
25. class CustomThread extends Thread {
26. CustomThread1 t1;
27. public CustomThread(CustomThread1 t1) {
28. super("[CustomThread] Thread");
29. this.t1 = t1;
30. }
31. public void run() {
32. String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
33. System.out.println(threadName + " start.");
34. try {
35. t1.join();
36. System.out.println(threadName + " end.");
37. } catch (Exception e) {
38. System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run");
39. }
40. }
41. }
42. public class JoinTestDemo {
43. public static void main(String[] args) {
44. String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
45. System.out.println(threadName + " start.");
46. CustomThread1 t1 = new CustomThread1();
47. CustomThread t = new CustomThread(t1);
48. try {
49. t1.start();
50. Thread.sleep(2000);
51. t.start();
52. t.join();//在代碼2里，將此處注釋掉
53. } catch (Exception e) {
54. System.out.println("Exception from main");
55. }
56. System.out.println(threadName + " end!");
57. }
58. }

package wxhx.csdn2; /** * * @author bzwm * */ class CustomThread1 extends Thread { public CustomThread1() { super("[CustomThread1] Thread"); }; public void run() { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); try { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { System.out.println(threadName + " loop at " + i); Thread.sleep(1000); } System.out.println(threadName + " end."); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run"); } } } class CustomThread extends Thread { CustomThread1 t1; public CustomThread(CustomThread1 t1) { super("[CustomThread] Thread"); this.t1 = t1; } public void run() { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); try { t1.join(); System.out.println(threadName + " end."); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run"); } } } public class JoinTestDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); CustomThread1 t1 = new CustomThread1(); CustomThread t = new CustomThread(t1); try { t1.start(); Thread.sleep(2000); t.start(); t.join();//在代碼2里，將此處注釋掉 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from main"); } System.out.println(threadName + " end!"); } }



打印结果：



main start.//main方法所在的线程起动，但没有马上结束，因为调用t.join();，所以要等到t结束了，此线程才能向下执行。

[CustomThread1] Thread start.//线程CustomThread1起动

[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 0//线程CustomThread1执行

[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 1//线程CustomThread1执行

[CustomThread] Thread start.//线程CustomThread起动，但没有马上结束，因为调用t1.join();，所以要等到t1结束了，此线程才能向下执行。

[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 2//线程CustomThread1继续执行

[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 3//线程CustomThread1继续执行

[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 4//线程CustomThread1继续执行

[CustomThread1] Thread end. //线程CustomThread1结束了

[CustomThread] Thread end.// 线程CustomThread在t1.join();阻塞处起动，向下继续执行的结果

main end!//线程CustomThread结束，此线程在t.join();阻塞处起动，向下继续执行的结果。



修改一下代码，得到代码2：(这里只写出修改的部分)

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1. public class JoinTestDemo {
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
4. System.out.println(threadName + " start.");
5. CustomThread1 t1 = new CustomThread1();
6. CustomThread t = new CustomThread(t1);
7. try {
8. t1.start();
9. Thread.sleep(2000);
10. t.start();
11. // t.join();//在代碼2里，將此處注釋掉
12. } catch (Exception e) {
13. System.out.println("Exception from main");
14. }
15. System.out.println(threadName + " end!");
16. }
17. }

public class JoinTestDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); CustomThread1 t1 = new CustomThread1(); CustomThread t = new CustomThread(t1); try { t1.start(); Thread.sleep(2000); t.start(); // t.join();//在代碼2里，將此處注釋掉 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from main"); } System.out.println(threadName + " end!"); } }



打印结果：



main start. // main方法所在的线程起动，但没有马上结束，这里并不是因为join方法，而是因为Thread.sleep(2000);

[CustomThread1] Thread start. //线程CustomThread1起动

[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 0//线程CustomThread1执行

[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 1//线程CustomThread1执行

main end!// Thread.sleep(2000);结束，虽然在线程CustomThread执行了t1.join();，但这并不会影响到其他线程(这里main方法所在的线程)。

[CustomThread] Thread start. //线程CustomThread起动，但没有马上结束，因为调用t1.join();，所以要等到t1结束了，此线程才能向下执行。

[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 2//线程CustomThread1继续执行

[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 3//线程CustomThread1继续执行

[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 4//线程CustomThread1继续执行

[CustomThread1] Thread end. //线程CustomThread1结束了

[CustomThread] Thread end. // 线程CustomThread在t1.join();阻塞处起动，向下继续执行的结果





五、从源码看join()方法



在CustomThread的run方法里，执行了t1.join();，进入看一下它的JDK源码：

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1. public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
2. n(0);
3. }

public final void join() throws InterruptedException { join(0); }

然后进入join(0)方法：



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1. /**
2. * Waits at most <code>millis</code> milliseconds for this thread to
3. * die. A timeout of <code>0</code> means to wait forever. // 注意这句
4. *
5. * @param millis the time to wait in milliseconds.
6. * @exception InterruptedException if another thread has interrupted
7. * the current thread. The <i>interrupted status</i> of the
8. * current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown.
9. */
10. public final synchronized void join(long millis) //参数millis为0.
11. throws InterruptedException {
12. long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
13. long now = 0;
14. if (millis < 0) {
15. throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
16. }
17. if (millis == 0) {//进入这个分支
18. while (isAlive()) {//判断本线程是否为活动的。这里的本线程就是t1.
19. wait(0);//阻塞
20. }
21. } else {
22. while (isAlive()) {
23. long delay = millis - now;
24. if (delay <= 0) {
25. break;
26. }
27. wait(delay);
28. now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
29. }
30. }
31. }

/** * Waits at most <code>millis</code> milliseconds for this thread to * die. A timeout of <code>0</code> means to wait forever. //注意这句 * * @param millis the time to wait in milliseconds. * @exception InterruptedException if another thread has interrupted * the current thread. The <i>interrupted status</i> of the * current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown. */ public final synchronized void join(long millis) //参数millis为0. throws InterruptedException { long base = System.currentTimeMillis(); long now = 0; if (millis < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative"); } if (millis == 0) {//进入这个分支 while (isAlive()) {//判断本线程是否为活动的。这里的本线程就是t1. wait(0);//阻塞 } } else { while (isAlive()) { long delay = millis - now; if (delay <= 0) { break; } wait(delay); now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base; } } }







单纯从代码上看，如果线程被生成了，但还未被起动，调用它的join()方法是没有作用的。将直接继续向下执行，这里就不写代码验证了。