Centos 6.5本地Yum和网络Yum

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-02 22:18:28 发布

liuchuanlong

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-02 22:18:28 发布

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网络yum源

yum源和epel源

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pub/epel/7/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
[epel-debuginfo]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pub/epel/7/$basearch/debug
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/metalink?repo=epel-debug-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=1
[epel-source]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pub/epel/7/SRPMS
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/metalink?repo=epel-source-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=1

/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo

[epel-testing]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/testing/7/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-epel7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
[epel-testing-debuginfo]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - $basearch - Debug
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/testing/7/$basearch/debug
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-debug-epel7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=1
[epel-testing-source]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - $basearch - Source
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/testing/7/SRPMS
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-source-epel7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=1

yum仓库中的元数据文件

primary.xml.gz

所有RPM包的列表

依赖关系

每个RPM安装生成的文件列表

filelists.xml.gz

当仓库中所有RPM包的所有可以生成的文件列表。

other.xml.gz

额外信息

RPM包的修改日志

repomd.xml

记录上面三个文件的时间戳和校验和

配置一个简单的yum源：

[Base]

name=Centos6.5 Server

baseurl=容器地址

enable=1

gpgcheck=1

list：列表

all

available：可用的，仓库中有但未安装的

installed：已经安装的

update：可用的升级

clean：清理缓存

repolist：显示repo列表极其简要信息

all

enabled：默认

disabled：

installl：安装

yum install PACKAGE_NAME

update

update_to：升级为指定版本

remove | erase：卸载

info：

Provides | whatprovides

yum grouplist：

编译安装：

RPM安装：

二进制格式：

源程序→编译→二进制格式

1、有些特性是编译选定的，如果编译时未选定此特性，我们将无法使用；

2、RPM包的版本会落后于源码包的版本，甚至有时候会落后很多；

编译需要具备的条件：

编译环境：开发环境

开发库：开发工具

make：项目管理工具；

makefile ：定义了make（gcc、g++）按何种次序去编译这些源程序文件中的源程序

automake：可以生成一个名为makefile.in的半成品文件

autoconfig：生成一个名为configure的文件。

编译安装三步骤：(一下步骤需要在安装包目录下进行)

1、./configure

--prefix=文件安装路径

--sysconfdir=指定配置文件路径

--help：获取脚本使用格式

2、make

3、make install

1、修改PATH环境变量，以能够识别此程序的位二进制文件路径；

2、在默认情况下，系统所有库文件的路径/lib，/usr/lib；要增添额外搜索路径；

在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中创建以.conf为后缀名的文件，而后把要增添的路径直接写至此文件中；

#ldconfig通知系统重新搜索库文件

-v：显示重新搜索库文件的过程

3、头文件：输出给系统

默认：/usr/include

增添头文件搜寻路径，使用链接进行；

本地yum配置：

1. 创建目录、挂载光盘以及安装createrepo

[root@centos6 ~]# mkdir/mnt/cdrom ←用于挂载光盘

[root@centos6 ~]# mkdir-vp /yum/localrepo ←用于存放光盘中的rpm包

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/yum"

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/yum/localrepo"

[root@centos6 ~]# mount/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@centos6 ~]# cp/mnt/cdrom/Packages/* /yum/localrepo/ ←将光盘中所有rpm包复制到/yum/localrepo下

[root@centos6 Packages]#rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm

warning: createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY

error: Failed dependencies:

python-deltarpm is needed by createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch

注：从上面我们可以看出存在依赖关系，我们需要先安装python-deltarpm包，那接下来我们就把它装上！

[root@centos6 Packages]#rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning: python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm: HeaderV3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY

error: Failed dependencies:

deltarpm = 3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6 is needed bypython-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64

注：我们发现这个包也有依赖包，继续装！

[root@centos6 Packages]#rpm -ivh deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning: deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:deltarpm ###########################################[100%]

注：deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm这个包安装成功了，继续安装上一个包。

[root@centos6 Packages]#rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning: python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm: HeaderV3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:python-deltarpm ########################################### [100%]

注：解决依赖关系后尝试安装createrepo这个包。

[root@centos6 Packages]#rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm

warning: createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:createrepo ########################################### [100%]

注：createrepo安装成功。（由于每个操作系统安装的环境、系统版本的不同，依赖关系可能也不相同，大家按照我的方法安装就好了）

2. 创建以.repo结尾的文件

[root@centos6 Packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]# ls

CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Media.repo

CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Vault.repo

[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]# rm ./* ←删除所有系统自带的repo文件

rm：是否删除普通文件 "./CentOS-Base.repo"？y

rm：是否删除普通文件 "./CentOS-Debuginfo.repo"？y

rm：是否删除普通文件 "./CentOS-Media.repo"？y

rm：是否删除普通文件 "./CentOS-Vault.repo"？y

[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo ←创建一个名为local.repo的文件并编辑

[Base]

name=localrepo

baseurl=file:///yum/localrepo

enable=1

gpgcheck=0

注：

[Base]：代表容器的名字。中括号一定要存在，里面的名字可以随意修改，但是不能有两个相同的容器名称，否则yum会不知道该到哪里去找容器相关软件列表文件。

name：只是说明一下这个容器的意义而已，重要性不高！

baseurl：这个非常重要，应为后面接的是容器的实际地址。

示例：

ftp://ftp容器地址

http://web容器地址

file:///本地容器地址（前两个/是协议分隔符最后一个/代表本地的根）

enable=1：就是让这个容器被启动，如果不想启动可以使用enable=0

gpgcheck=0：指定是否要查阅rpm文件内的数字证书我们这里不查阅！

其他内容请自行查阅！！！！！！.

[root@centos6 localrepo]#ls -l | grep repodata ←查看是否存在yum的索引文件

注：不存在yum的索引文件

[root@centos6yum.repos.d]# createrepo /yum/localrepo/ ←创建分组信息

Spawning worker 0 with 3995 pkgs

Workers Finished

Gathering worker results

Saving Primary metadata

Saving file lists metadata

Saving other metadata

Generating sqlite DBs

Sqlite DBs complete

[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]# cd /yum/localrepo/

[root@centos6 localrepo]# ls -l | grep repodata

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 7月 23 01:04 repodata

注：我们可以发现通过createrepo创建出了yum的索引文件

[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]#yum clean all ←清空缓存

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security

Cleaning repos: Base

Cleaning up Everything

[root@centos6 localrepo]#yum makecache ←建立新缓存

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security

Determining fastest mirrors

Base | 2.9kB 00:00 ...

Base/filelists_db | 4.1 MB 00:00 ...

Base/primary_db | 3.3 MB 00:00 ...

Base/other_db | 1.8 MB 00:00 ...

Metadata Cache Created

[root@centos6 localrepo]#yum -y install mysql ←安装MySQL测试

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.71-1.el6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===================================================================

Installing:

mysql x86_64 5.1.71-1.el6 Base 893 k

Transaction Summary

===================================================================

Install 1 Package(s)

Total download size: 893 k

Installed size: 2.4 M

Downloading Packages:

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

Installing :mysql-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 1/1

Verifying : mysql-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 1/1

Installed:

mysql.x86_640:5.1.71-1.el6

Complete!

注：MySQL安装成功，本地yum制作成功！

Centos配置国内yum源：

网易（163）yum源是国内最好的yum源之一，无论是速度还是软件版本，都非常的不错，将yum源设置为163yum，可以提升软件包安装和更新的速度，同时避免一些常见软件版本无法找到。具体设置方法如下：

1，进入yum源配置目录

cd /etc/yum.repos.d

2，备份系统自带的yum源

mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bk

下载163网易的yum源：

wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

3，更新完yum源后，执行下边命令更新yum配置，使操作立即生效

yum makecache

4，除了网易之外，国内还有其他不错的yum源，比如中科大和搜狐的，大家可以根据自己需求下载

中科大的yum源：

wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/CentOS-Base.repo

sohu的yum源

wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/CentOS-Base-sohu.repo

点击查看网络Yum原文

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Centos 6.5本地Yum和网络Yum

网络yum源 yum源和epel源/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo# CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that a...
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