pthread_sigmask 控制线程的信号掩码

示例1：

/* 示例一：屏蔽信号SIGINT
   来源：http://www.leoox.com/?p=321
   编译：gcc pthread_sigmask1.c -lpthread

   运行后，你发现你按下CTRL+C(触发SIGINT信号)，这个程序根本停不下来。因为SIGINT信号已经如我们所愿被屏蔽掉了。
*/

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  pthread_t tid = pthread_self();

  sigset_t mask;
  sigemptyset(&mask);
  sigaddset(&mask, SIGINT);
  pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);//SIG_BLOCK SIG_SETMASK 会屏蔽掉SIGINT，但SIG_UNBLOCK不会屏蔽SIGINT

  printf("[main][%lu] working hard ...\n", tid);

  sleep(60);

  printf("[main][%lu] good bye and good luck!\n", tid);
  return 0;
}

示例二：主进程创建出来的线程将继承主进程的掩码

/* 示例二：主进程创建出来的线程将继承主进程的掩码
   来源：http://www.leoox.com/?p=321
   编译：gcc pthread_sigmask2.c -lpthread

	运行后，你可以发现，子线程果然接收不到pthread_kill发送给自己的SIGINT信号，
	但可以收到SIGUSR1信号！本来要休眠300s，但是收到了SIGUSR1信号，
	才休眠5秒就（提前294秒）醒来say goodbye了。
运行结果：
[lgh@lghvm001 thread]$ ./a.out 
[main][139999919077120] working hard ...
>>> Thread[139999919068928] Running ......
[main][139999919077120] send signal SIGINT ...
Thread[139999919068928] catch signo = 10
Thread[139999919068928] waitup(294), and say good bye!
[main][139999919077120] good bye and good luck!
[lgh@lghvm001 thread]$ 

*/



#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <string.h>

void handler(int signo)
{
  pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
  printf("Thread[%lu] catch signo = %d\n", tid, signo);
  return;
}

void* run(void *param)
{
  pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
  printf(">>> Thread[%lu] Running ......\n", tid);

  int rc = sleep(300);
  printf("Thread[%lu] waitup(%d), and say good bye!\n", tid, rc);
  return NULL;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  int ret = 0, i = 0;
  pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
  
  /* 注册SIGUSR1信号处理函数 */
  struct sigaction sa;
  memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
  sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
  sa.sa_flags = 0;
  sa.sa_handler = handler;
  sigaction(SIGUSR1, &sa, NULL);

  /* 屏蔽信号SIGINT */
  sigset_t mask;
  sigemptyset(&mask);
  sigaddset(&mask, SIGINT);
  pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL);

  pthread_t threads[2];
  pthread_create(&threads[0], NULL, run, NULL);
  printf("[main][%lu] working hard ...\n", tid);
  sleep(1);

  /* 主进程创建出来的线程将继承主进程的掩码。所以子线程收不到SIGINT信号。 */
  pthread_kill(threads[0], SIGINT);
  printf("[main][%lu] send signal SIGINT ...\n", tid);
  sleep(5);

  /* 子线程可以收到SIGUSR1信号。 */
  pthread_kill(threads[0], SIGUSR1);

  pthread_join(threads[0], NULL);

  sleep(1);
  printf("[main][%lu] good bye and good luck!\n", tid);
  return 0;
}

示例三：子线程可以后天培养自己对信号的喜好

/* 示例三：子线程可以后天培养自己对信号的喜好
   来源：http://www.leoox.com/?p=321
   编译：gcc pthread_sigmask3.c -lpthread

子线程天生继承了主线程对信号的喜好，但是自己可以通过后天的努力改变。
比如主线程喜欢SIGUSR1信号，但是子线程可以不喜欢它，屏蔽掉SIGUSR1信号。

由此可见，linux里的每个线程有自己的信号掩码，所以使用pthread_kill给指定线程发送信号时，
一定谨慎设置好线程的信号掩码。

当然，用kill发送信号，在多线程环境下，kill所产生的信号时传递到整个进程的，
并且所有线程都有机会收到这个信号，但具体是哪个线程处理这个信号，就不一定。
一般情况下，都是主线程处理这个信号。

	
运行结果：
[lgh@lghvm001 thread]$ gcc pthread_sigmask3.c -lpthread
[lgh@lghvm001 thread]$ ./a.out 
[main][140613382825728] working hard ...
>>> [1481543657]Thread[140613382817536] Running ......
[main][140613382825728] send signal SIGUSR1 ...

[1481543841]Thread[140613382825728] catch signo = 10 ...		//子线程sleep期间,kill -SIGUSR1 2839
[1481543861]Thread[140613382825728] catch signo = 10 ... done

[1481543957]Thread[140613382817536] waitup(0), and say good bye!
[main][140613382825728] good bye and good luck!
[lgh@lghvm001 thread]$

*/


#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <string.h>

void handler(int signo)
{
  pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
  printf("[%u]Thread[%lu] catch signo = %d ...\n", time(NULL), tid, signo);
  sleep(20);
  printf("[%u]Thread[%lu] catch signo = %d ... done\n", time(NULL), tid, signo);
  return;
}

void* run(void *param)
{
  pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
  sigset_t mask;
#if 1
  /* 这种情况下，本线程屏蔽所有的信号 */
  sigfillset(&mask);
#endif

#if 0
  /* 这种情况下，本线程不屏蔽任何信号 */
  sigemptyset(&mask);
#endif

#if 0 
  /* 这种情况，本线程屏蔽以下的指定信号 */
  sigemptyset(&mask);
  sigaddset(&mask, SIGINT);
  sigaddset(&mask, SIGQUIT);
  sigaddset(&mask, SIGHUP);
  sigaddset(&mask, SIGTERM);
#endif 

  pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
  
  printf(">>> [%u]Thread[%lu] Running ......\n", time(NULL), tid);

  int rc = sleep(300);

  printf("[%u]Thread[%lu] waitup(%d), and say good bye!\n", time(NULL), tid, rc);
  return NULL;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
  
  /* 注册SIGUSR1信号处理函数 */
  struct sigaction sa;
  memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
  sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
  sa.sa_flags = 0;
  sa.sa_handler = handler;
  sigaction(SIGUSR1, &sa, NULL);

  pthread_t threads[1];
  pthread_create(&threads[0], NULL, run, NULL);
  printf("[main][%lu] working hard ...\n", tid);
  sleep(5);

  /* 子线程屏蔽了SIGUSR1信号，所以子线程收不到SIGUSR1信号。 */
  pthread_kill(threads[0], SIGUSR1);
  printf("[main][%lu] send signal SIGUSR1 ...\n", tid);
  sleep(5);

  pthread_join(threads[0], NULL);
  sleep(1);

  printf("[main][%lu] good bye and good luck!\n", tid);
  return 0;
}

示例四：主线程收到信号，没处理完，又来一个信号，子线程会处理吗? 会！

/* 示例四：主线程收到信号，没处理完，又来一个信号，子线程会处理吗? 会！
   来源：http://www.leoox.com/?p=321
   编译：gcc pthread_sigmask4.c -lpthread

   在一个命令行终端启动a.out，在另一个命令行终端发送4次SIGUSR1信号给a.out进程
	
运行结果：
[lgh@lghvm001 thread]$ ./a.out 
[main][139796483913472] working hard ...
>>> [1481545031]Thread[139796483905280] Running ......	//此时发送四次kill -SIGUSR1 2886，2886为a.out的进程号
[1481545054]Thread[139796483913472] catch signo = 10 ...
[1481545055]Thread[139796483905280] catch signo = 10 ...
[1481545056]Thread[139796483913472] catch signo = 10 ... done
[1481545056]Thread[139796483913472] catch signo = 10 ...
[1481545057]Thread[139796483905280] catch signo = 10 ... done
[1481545057]Thread[139796483905280] catch signo = 10 ...
[1481545058]Thread[139796483913472] catch signo = 10 ... done
[1481545059]Thread[139796483905280] catch signo = 10 ... done
>>> [1481545059]Thread[139796483905280] waitup(35), and say good bye!
[main][139796483913472] good bye and good luck!
[lgh@lghvm001 thread]$ 

*/


#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <string.h>

void handler(int signo)
{
  pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
  printf("[%u]Thread[%lu] catch signo = %d ...\n", time(NULL), tid, signo);
  /*
   * 信号处理函数休眠2秒，这期间再发送同一个信号，观察子线程的表现。
   */
  sleep(2);
  printf("[%u]Thread[%lu] catch signo = %d ... done\n", time(NULL), tid, signo);
  return;
}

void* run(void *param)
{
  pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
  printf(">>> [%u]Thread[%lu] Running ......\n", time(NULL), tid);

  int rc = sleep(60);

  printf(">>> [%u]Thread[%lu] waitup(%d), and say good bye!\n", time(NULL), tid, rc);
  return NULL;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
  
  /* 注册SIGUSR1信号处理函数 */
  struct sigaction sa;
  memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
  sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
  sa.sa_flags = 0;
  sa.sa_handler = handler;
  sigaction(SIGUSR1, &sa, NULL);

  pthread_t threads[1];
  pthread_create(&threads[0], NULL, run, NULL);
  printf("[main][%lu] working hard ...\n", tid);

  pthread_join(threads[0], NULL);
  sleep(1);

  printf("[main][%lu] good bye and good luck!\n", tid);
  return 0;
}

如果把void handler(int signo)函数中的sleep(2)注释掉，运行结果如下：

[lgh@lghvm001 thread]$ ./a.out 
[main][140353429055232] working hard ...
>>> [1481596389]Thread[140353429047040] Running ......     //此处发送6次“kill -SIGUSR1 3123”
[1481596401]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ...
[1481596401]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ... done
[1481596401]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ...
[1481596401]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ... done
[1481596402]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ...
[1481596402]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ... done
[1481596402]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ...
[1481596402]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ... done
[1481596402]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ...
[1481596402]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ... done
[1481596403]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ...
[1481596403]Thread[140353429055232] catch signo = 10 ... done
>>> [1481596449]Thread[140353429047040] waitup(0), and say good bye!
[main][140353429055232] good bye and good luck!
[lgh@lghvm001 thread]$

可见，若子线程“没空”(在sleep)，主线程有空，信号都给主线程处理了。