了解了Struts的基本流程,那么我们利用Struts来实现一个简单的登陆功能:
先用时序图来描述一下登录功能的处理流程:
核心操作:
1、配置struts
* 拷贝struts相关的jar到WEB-INF/lib下
* 在web.xml文件中配置ActionServlet
* 提供struts-config.xml文件,需要放到WEB-INF下
2、实现
*建立login.jsp/loginSuccess.jsp/loginFail.jsp
*建立了LoginAction.java/userActionForm.java
*将LoginAction/LoginActionForm/相关jsp配置到struts-config.xml文件中
代码:
配置文件
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>config</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>debug</param-name>
- <param-value>2</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>detail</param-name>
- <param-value>2</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping -->
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>detail</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
JSP(View)
- <form action="login.do" method="post">
- <input type="text" name="name" />
- <br />
- <input type="password" name="password" />
- <input type="submit" value="登录"/>
- </form>
<form action="login.do" method="post">
<input type="text" name="name" />
<br />
<input type="password" name="password" />
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
LoginSuccess.jsp
- <body>
- 登录成功》》》》》》》》》》》》
- </body>
<body>
登录成功》》》》》》》》》》》》
</body>
LoginFail.jsp
- <body>
- 登录失败》》》》》》》》》》》》
- </body>
<body>
登录失败》》》》》》》》》》》》
</body>
LoginAction
- package com.jialin;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
- /**
- * 登录action
- * @author jialin
- *作用:取得表单数据,调用model层业务逻辑,返回转向信息
- */
- public class LoginAction extends Action {
- @Override
- public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
- HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws Exception {
- UserActionForm userForm=(UserActionForm)form;
- String userName=userForm.getName();
- int password=userForm.getPassword(); //这里不用我们手动强转类型了。
- UserManage userManage=new UserManage();//后面我们再改进
- User user=new User();
- user.setName(userName);
- user.setPassword(password);
- try {
- userManage.ValidateUser(user);
- return mapping.findForward("success");
- } catch (UserNotFoundException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- request.setAttribute("message", e.getMessage());
- }catch(PasswordErrorException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- request.setAttribute("message", e.getMessage());
- }
- return mapping.findForward("fail"); }
- }
package com.jialin;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
/**
* 登录action
* @author jialin
*作用:取得表单数据,调用model层业务逻辑,返回转向信息
*/
public class LoginAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
UserActionForm userForm=(UserActionForm)form;
String userName=userForm.getName();
int password=userForm.getPassword(); //这里不用我们手动强转类型了。
UserManage userManage=new UserManage();//后面我们再改进
User user=new User();
user.setName(userName);
user.setPassword(password);
try {
userManage.ValidateUser(user);
return mapping.findForward("success");
} catch (UserNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
request.setAttribute("message", e.getMessage());
}catch(PasswordErrorException e){
e.printStackTrace();
request.setAttribute("message", e.getMessage());
}
return mapping.findForward("fail"); }
}
struts-config.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
- <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
- "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
- "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
- <struts-config>
- <!-- set ActionForm info-->
- <form-beans>
- <form-bean name="userForm" type="com.jialin.UserActionForm" />
- </form-beans>
- <action-mappings>
- <!-- Set path,action,actionform,scope,forward info -->
- <action path="/login" type="com.jialin.LoginAction" name="userForm"
- scope="request">
- <forward name="success" path="/LoginSuccess.jsp" />
- <forward name="fail" path="/LoginFail.jsp" />
- </action>
- </action-mappings>
- </struts-config>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config>
<!-- set ActionForm info-->
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="userForm" type="com.jialin.UserActionForm" />
</form-beans>
<action-mappings>
<!-- Set path,action,actionform,scope,forward info -->
<action path="/login" type="com.jialin.LoginAction" name="userForm"
scope="request">
<forward name="success" path="/LoginSuccess.jsp" />
<forward name="fail" path="/LoginFail.jsp" />
</action>
</action-mappings>
</struts-config>
UserActionForm
- package com.jialin;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
- /**
- * 用户ActionForm ,负责收集表单数据
- * @author jialin
- *注:get和set后的字符串首字母变小写后,必须和表单中属性的名字一致
- */
- public class UserActionForm extends ActionForm {
- private String name;
- private int password;
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getPassword() {
- return password;
- }
- public void setPassword(int password) {
- this.password = password;
- }
- }
package com.jialin;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
/**
* 用户ActionForm ,负责收集表单数据
* @author jialin
*注:get和set后的字符串首字母变小写后,必须和表单中属性的名字一致
*/
public class UserActionForm extends ActionForm {
private String name;
private int password;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(int password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
UserManage(Model)
- package com.jialin;
- /**
- * MODEL层业务逻辑
- * @author jialin
- *判断用户是否合法
- */
- public class UserManage {
- public void ValidateUser(User user) {
- // 判断用户名密码是否正确
- if (!"jialin".equals(user.getName())) {
- throw new UserNotFoundException("用户不存在!用户名为:" + user.getName());
- } else if (user.getPassword() != 123456) {
- throw new PasswordErrorException("密码错误");
- }
- }}
package com.jialin;
/**
* MODEL层业务逻辑
* @author jialin
*判断用户是否合法
*/
public class UserManage {
public void ValidateUser(User user) {
// 判断用户名密码是否正确
if (!"jialin".equals(user.getName())) {
throw new UserNotFoundException("用户不存在!用户名为:" + user.getName());
} else if (user.getPassword() != 123456) {
throw new PasswordErrorException("密码错误");
}
}}
用户实体和异常类省略。
上述实现过程,其中ActionServlet的功能,被Struts封装了,所以我们的代码部分,并没有涉及到ActionServlet的部分。
分析代码可知道,Action不再需要我们手动创建,读取配置文件等基础服务已被Struts封装了,表单中数据类型也不需要我们手动转换了,页面转向可以进行配置,也不需要我们手动去配置文件中取了。
可以说,Struts把公共的服务为封装好了,我们只需要做很少的事,就可以获得很大的灵活性。
下篇继续!