ListView工作原理

ListView是我们经常用到的一个原生Android控件，它常用来加载很多的数据，成千上万条甚至更多都不会OOM或者崩溃，这强大功能背后的原理当然不仅仅是向ViewGroup里addView那么简单，那么到底是怎么实现的呢？复用机制，我们应该会想到。ListView加载数据会用到Adapter，我们继承BaseAdapter，会重写getView方法我们很熟悉。会判断convertView是否为null，如果为空则会inflate一个新的view，如果不为空则直接返回convertView，这里是用到了复用机制。
分析ListView的源码前，我们先要了解一下RecycleBin机制，ListView能够实现如此强大功能的核心就是RecycleBin类。它是AbsListView的一个内部类，所以所有继承自AbsListView的子类，也就是ListView和GridView，都可以使用这个机制。那我们来看一下RecycleBin中的几个主要方法：
先对下面五个方法进行简单了解下：

/**
         * Fill ActiveViews with all of the children of the AbsListView.
         *
         * @param childCount The minimum number of views mActiveViews should hold
         * @param firstActivePosition The position of the first view that will be stored in
         *        mActiveViews
         */
        void fillActiveViews(int childCount, int firstActivePosition) {
            if (mActiveViews.length < childCount) {
                mActiveViews = new View[childCount];
            }
            mFirstActivePosition = firstActivePosition;

            //noinspection MismatchedReadAndWriteOfArray
            final View[] activeViews = mActiveViews;
            for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
                View child = getChildAt(i);
                AbsListView.LayoutParams lp = (AbsListView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                // Don't put header or footer views into the scrap heap
                if (lp != null && lp.viewType != ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_HEADER_OR_FOOTER) {
                    // Note:  We do place AdapterView.ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_IGNORE in active views.
                    //        However, we will NOT place them into scrap views.
                    activeViews[i] = child;
                    // Remember the position so that setupChild() doesn't reset state.
                    lp.scrappedFromPosition = firstActivePosition + i;
                }
            }
        }

fillActiveViews(int childCount, int firstActivePosition)
childCount是要存储的view的数量，firstActivePosition是表示ListView中第一个可见item的position值，RecycleBin用mActiveViews来存储当前显示的所有item view。

/**
         * Get the view corresponding to the specified position. The view will be removed from
         * mActiveViews if it is found.
         *
         * @param position The position to look up in mActiveViews
         * @return The view if it is found, null otherwise
         */
        View getActiveView(int position) {
            int index = position - mFirstActivePosition;
            final View[] activeViews = mActiveViews;
            if (index >=0 && index < activeViews.length) {
                final View match = activeViews[index];
                activeViews[index] = null;
                return match;
            }
            return null;
        }

getActiveView(int position)
获取mActiveViews中position位置所对应的数据，与fillActiveViews方法相对应。
mActiveViews当中所存储的View，一旦被获取了之后就会从mActiveViews当中移除，下次获取同样位置的View将会返回null，也就是说mActiveViews不能被重复利用。

/**
         * Puts a view into the list of scrap views.
         * <p>
         * If the list data hasn't changed or the adapter has stable IDs, views
         * with transient state will be preserved for later retrieval.
         *
         * @param scrap The view to add
         * @param position The view's position within its parent
         */
        void addScrapView(View scrap, int position) {
            final AbsListView.LayoutParams lp = (AbsListView.LayoutParams) scrap.getLayoutParams();
            if (lp == null) {
                // Can't recycle, but we don't know anything about the view.
                // Ignore it completely.
                return;
            }

            lp.scrappedFromPosition = position;

            // Remove but don't scrap header or footer views, or views that
            // should otherwise not be recycled.
            final int viewType = lp.viewType;
            if (!shouldRecycleViewType(viewType)) {
                // Can't recycle. If it's not a header or footer, which have
                // special handling and should be ignored, then skip the scrap
                // heap and we'll fully detach the view later.
                if (viewType != ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_HEADER_OR_FOOTER) {
                    getSkippedScrap().add(scrap);
                }
                return;
            }

            scrap.dispatchStartTemporaryDetach();

            // The the accessibility state of the view may change while temporary
            // detached and we do not allow detached views to fire accessibility
            // events. So we are announcing that the subtree changed giving a chance
            // to clients holding on to a view in this subtree to refresh it.
            notifyViewAccessibilityStateChangedIfNeeded(
                    AccessibilityEvent.CONTENT_CHANGE_TYPE_SUBTREE);

            // Don't scrap views that have transient state.
            final boolean scrapHasTransientState = scrap.hasTransientState();
            if (scrapHasTransientState) {
                if (mAdapter != null && mAdapterHasStableIds) {
                    // If the adapter has stable IDs, we can reuse the view for
                    // the same data.
                    if (mTransientStateViewsById == null) {
                        mTransientStateViewsById = new LongSparseArray<>();
                    }
                    mTransientStateViewsById.put(lp.itemId, scrap);
                } else if (!mDataChanged) {
                    // If the data hasn't changed, we can reuse the views at
                    // their old positions.
                    if (mTransientStateViews == null) {
                        mTransientStateViews = new SparseArray<>();
                    }
                    mTransientStateViews.put(position, scrap);
                } else {
                    // Otherwise, we'll have to remove the view and start over.
                    getSkippedScrap().add(scrap);
                }
            } else {
                if (mViewTypeCount == 1) {
                    mCurrentScrap.add(scrap);
                } else {
                    mScrapViews[viewType].add(scrap);
                }

                if (mRecyclerListener != null) {
                    mRecyclerListener.onMovedToScrapHeap(scrap);
                }
            }
        }

addScrapView(View scrap, int position)
将一个废弃的view存储到mScrapViews中，当某个item view 被滚出屏幕要被废弃掉的时候会调用此方法，将该view添加到mScrapViews中缓存。

/**
         * @return A view from the ScrapViews collection. These are unordered.
         */
        View getScrapView(int position) {
            final int whichScrap = mAdapter.getItemViewType(position);
            if (whichScrap < 0) {
                return null;
            }
            if (mViewTypeCount == 1) {
                return retrieveFromScrap(mCurrentScrap, position);
            } else if (whichScrap < mScrapViews.length) {
                return retrieveFromScrap(mScrapViews[whichScrap], position);
            }
            return null;
        }

getScrapView(int position)
从废弃缓存mScrapViews中取出一个view,当有某个View确定要废弃掉的时候(比如滚动出了屏幕)，就应该调用这个方法来对View进行缓存，RecycleBin当中使用mScrapViews和mCurrentScrap这两个List来存储废弃View。

public void setViewTypeCount(int viewTypeCount) {
            if (viewTypeCount < 1) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't have a viewTypeCount < 1");
            }
            //noinspection unchecked
            ArrayList<View>[] scrapViews = new ArrayList[viewTypeCount];
            for (int i = 0; i < viewTypeCount; i++) {
                scrapViews[i] = new ArrayList<View>();
            }
            mViewTypeCount = viewTypeCount;
            mCurrentScrap = scrapViews[0];
            mScrapViews = scrapViews;
        }

void setViewTypeCount(int viewTypeCount)
我们都知道Adapter当中可以重写一个getViewTypeCount()来表示ListView中有几种类型的数据项，而setViewTypeCount()方法的作用就是为每种类型的数据项都单独启用一个RecycleBin缓存机制。

ListView的执行流程三步走，onMeasure，onLayout，onDraw。
onMeasure方法里有一行代码我们应该注意：

if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
            heightSize = mListPadding.top + mListPadding.bottom + childHeight +
                    getVerticalFadingEdgeLength() * 2;
        }

这里当heightMode是MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED的时候 ListView的高度仅仅是一个child的高度，这就是为什么我们在ScrollView里面用嵌套ListView的时候，ListView显示不完全的原因。
ListView的核心实现是在onLayout方法里。ListView里没有onLayout方法，那么在父类AbsListView里：

/**
     * Subclasses should NOT override this method but
     *  {@link #layoutChildren()} instead.
     */
    @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        super.onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);

        mInLayout = true;

        final int childCount = getChildCount();
        if (changed) {
            for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
                getChildAt(i).forceLayout();
            }
            mRecycler.markChildrenDirty();
        }

        layoutChildren();
        mInLayout = false;

        mOverscrollMax = (b - t) / OVERSCROLL_LIMIT_DIVISOR;

        // TODO: Move somewhere sane. This doesn't belong in onLayout().
        if (mFastScroll != null) {
            mFastScroll.onItemCountChanged(getChildCount(), mItemCount);
        }
    }

关键代码在layoutchildren()方法，其具体实现是在ListView里,因为太长，所以只截取关键部分代码：

 if (childCount == 0) {
                    if (!mStackFromBottom) {
                        final int position = lookForSelectablePosition(0, true);
                        setSelectedPositionInt(position);
                        sel = fillFromTop(childrenTop);
                    } else {
                        final int position = lookForSelectablePosition(mItemCount - 1, false);
                        setSelectedPositionInt(position);
                        sel = fillUp(mItemCount - 1, childrenBottom);
                    }
                } else {
                    if (mSelectedPosition >= 0 && mSelectedPosition < mItemCount) {
                        sel = fillSpecific(mSelectedPosition,
                                oldSel == null ? childrenTop : oldSel.getTop());
                    } else if (mFirstPosition < mItemCount) {
                        sel = fillSpecific(mFirstPosition,
                                oldFirst == null ? childrenTop : oldFirst.getTop());
                    } else {
                        sel = fillSpecific(0, childrenTop);
                    }
                }

按正常流程里说，应该会走到fillFromTop()方法里面，也就是从上到下一次填充item，进入该方法：

/**
     * Fills the list from top to bottom, starting with mFirstPosition
     *
     * @param nextTop The location where the top of the first item should be
     *        drawn
     *
     * @return The view that is currently selected
     */
    private View fillFromTop(int nextTop) {
        mFirstPosition = Math.min(mFirstPosition, mSelectedPosition);
        mFirstPosition = Math.min(mFirstPosition, mItemCount - 1);
        if (mFirstPosition < 0) {
            mFirstPosition = 0;
        }
        return fillDown(mFirstPosition, nextTop);
    }

进入fillDown()方法：

private View fillDown(int pos, int nextTop) {
        View selectedView = null;

        int end = (mBottom - mTop);
        if ((mGroupFlags & CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK) == CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK) {
            end -= mListPadding.bottom;
        }

        while (nextTop < end && pos < mItemCount) {
            // is this the selected item?
            boolean selected = pos == mSelectedPosition;
            View child = makeAndAddView(pos, nextTop, true, mListPadding.left, selected);

            nextTop = child.getBottom() + mDividerHeight;
            if (selected) {
                selectedView = child;
            }
            pos++;
        }

        setVisibleRangeHint(mFirstPosition, mFirstPosition + getChildCount() - 1);
        return selectedView;
    }




/**
     * Obtain the view and add it to our list of children. The view can be made
     * fresh, converted from an unused view, or used as is if it was in the
     * recycle bin.
     *
     * @param position Logical position in the list
     * @param y Top or bottom edge of the view to add
     * @param flow If flow is true, align top edge to y. If false, align bottom
     *        edge to y.
     * @param childrenLeft Left edge where children should be positioned
     * @param selected Is this position selected?
     * @return View that was added
     */
    private View makeAndAddView(int position, int y, boolean flow, int childrenLeft,
            boolean selected) {
        View child;


        if (!mDataChanged) {
            // Try to use an existing view for this position
            child = mRecycler.getActiveView(position);
            if (child != null) {
                // Found it -- we're using an existing child
                // This just needs to be positioned
                setupChild(child, position, y, flow, childrenLeft, selected, true);

                return child;
            }
        }

        // Make a new view for this position, or convert an unused view if possible
        child = obtainView(position, mIsScrap);

        // This needs to be positioned and measured
        setupChild(child, position, y, flow, childrenLeft, selected, mIsScrap[0]);

        return child;
    }



/**
     * Add a view as a child and make sure it is measured (if necessary) and
     * positioned properly.
     *
     * @param child The view to add
     * @param position The position of this child
     * @param y The y position relative to which this view will be positioned
     * @param flowDown If true, align top edge to y. If false, align bottom
     *        edge to y.
     * @param childrenLeft Left edge where children should be positioned
     * @param selected Is this position selected?
     * @param recycled Has this view been pulled from the recycle bin? If so it
     *        does not need to be remeasured.
     */
    private void setupChild(View child, int position, int y, boolean flowDown, int childrenLeft,
            boolean selected, boolean recycled) {
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "setupListItem");

        final boolean isSelected = selected && shouldShowSelector();
        final boolean updateChildSelected = isSelected != child.isSelected();
        final int mode = mTouchMode;
        final boolean isPressed = mode > TOUCH_MODE_DOWN && mode < TOUCH_MODE_SCROLL &&
                mMotionPosition == position;
        final boolean updateChildPressed = isPressed != child.isPressed();
        final boolean needToMeasure = !recycled || updateChildSelected || child.isLayoutRequested();

        // Respect layout params that are already in the view. Otherwise make some up...
        // noinspection unchecked
        AbsListView.LayoutParams p = (AbsListView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
        if (p == null) {
            p = (AbsListView.LayoutParams) generateDefaultLayoutParams();
        }
        p.viewType = mAdapter.getItemViewType(position);

        if ((recycled && !p.forceAdd) || (p.recycledHeaderFooter
                && p.viewType == AdapterView.ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_HEADER_OR_FOOTER)) {
            attachViewToParent(child, flowDown ? -1 : 0, p);
        } else {
            p.forceAdd = false;
            if (p.viewType == AdapterView.ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_HEADER_OR_FOOTER) {
                p.recycledHeaderFooter = true;
            }
            addViewInLayout(child, flowDown ? -1 : 0, p, true);
        }

        if (updateChildSelected) {
            child.setSelected(isSelected);
        }

        if (updateChildPressed) {
            child.setPressed(isPressed);
        }

        if (mChoiceMode != CHOICE_MODE_NONE && mCheckStates != null) {
            if (child instanceof Checkable) {
                ((Checkable) child).setChecked(mCheckStates.get(position));
            } else if (getContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion
                    >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
                child.setActivated(mCheckStates.get(position));
            }
        }

        if (needToMeasure) {
            final int childWidthSpec = ViewGroup.getChildMeasureSpec(mWidthMeasureSpec,
                    mListPadding.left + mListPadding.right, p.width);
            final int lpHeight = p.height;
            final int childHeightSpec;
            if (lpHeight > 0) {
                childHeightSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(lpHeight, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            } else {
                childHeightSpec = MeasureSpec.makeSafeMeasureSpec(getMeasuredHeight(),
                        MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);
            }
            child.measure(childWidthSpec, childHeightSpec);
        } else {
            cleanupLayoutState(child);
        }

        final int w = child.getMeasuredWidth();
        final int h = child.getMeasuredHeight();
        final int childTop = flowDown ? y : y - h;

        if (needToMeasure) {
            final int childRight = childrenLeft + w;
            final int childBottom = childTop + h;
            child.layout(childrenLeft, childTop, childRight, childBottom);
        } else {
            child.offsetLeftAndRight(childrenLeft - child.getLeft());
            child.offsetTopAndBottom(childTop - child.getTop());
        }

        if (mCachingStarted && !child.isDrawingCacheEnabled()) {
            child.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true);
        }

        if (recycled && (((AbsListView.LayoutParams)child.getLayoutParams()).scrappedFromPosition)
                != position) {
            child.jumpDrawablesToCurrentState();
        }

        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
    }

上面依次贴出了fillDown(),makeAndAddView(),setupChild()方法，这三个方法会依次被调用，ListView的核心思想也可以在这里体现出来，首先fillDown方法里面的while循环，会去通过makeAndAddView方法去获取一个item，并再通过setupChild方法去将此item填充到ListView中。
注意在fillDown方法的while循环的条件，nextTop < end && pos < mItemCount，当不满足这个条件时就会跳出while循环了，nextTop是我们即将填充的下一个item的top，end如果不考虑padding的话就是ListView的bottom，比如我们屏幕最多能显示7个item，我们从上往下填充item，第七个item的bottom已经超出ListView了，这时第八个item的Top肯定会大于end了，所以就不在往ListView里填充item了。所以ListView里并不会真的有很多很多的item，它里面填充的只有一屏幕的数量。接下来再看makeAndAddView方法是怎么获取一个item的。

// Make a new view for this position, or convert an unused view if possible
        child = obtainView(position, mIsScrap);

obtainView()方法是在父类AbsListView里：

/**
     * Get a view and have it show the data associated with the specified
     * position. This is called when we have already discovered that the view is
     * not available for reuse in the recycle bin. The only choices left are
     * converting an old view or making a new one.
     *
     * @param position The position to display
     * @param isScrap Array of at least 1 boolean, the first entry will become true if
     *                the returned view was taken from the scrap heap, false if otherwise.
     *
     * @return A view displaying the data associated with the specified position
     */
    View obtainView(int position, boolean[] isScrap) {
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "obtainView");

        isScrap[0] = false;

        // Check whether we have a transient state view. Attempt to re-bind the
        // data and discard the view if we fail.
        final View transientView = mRecycler.getTransientStateView(position);
        if (transientView != null) {
            final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) transientView.getLayoutParams();

            // If the view type hasn't changed, attempt to re-bind the data.
            if (params.viewType == mAdapter.getItemViewType(position)) {
                final View updatedView = mAdapter.getView(position, transientView, this);

                // If we failed to re-bind the data, scrap the obtained view.
                if (updatedView != transientView) {
                    setItemViewLayoutParams(updatedView, position);
                    mRecycler.addScrapView(updatedView, position);
                }
            }

            isScrap[0] = true;

            // Finish the temporary detach started in addScrapView().
            transientView.dispatchFinishTemporaryDetach();
            return transientView;
        }

        final View scrapView = mRecycler.getScrapView(position);
        final View child = mAdapter.getView(position, scrapView, this);
        if (scrapView != null) {
            if (child != scrapView) {
                // Failed to re-bind the data, return scrap to the heap.
                mRecycler.addScrapView(scrapView, position);
            } else {
                isScrap[0] = true;

                // Finish the temporary detach started in addScrapView().
                child.dispatchFinishTemporaryDetach();
            }
        }

        if (mCacheColorHint != 0) {
            child.setDrawingCacheBackgroundColor(mCacheColorHint);
        }

        if (child.getImportantForAccessibility() == IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_AUTO) {
            child.setImportantForAccessibility(IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_YES);
        }

        setItemViewLayoutParams(child, position);

        if (AccessibilityManager.getInstance(mContext).isEnabled()) {
            if (mAccessibilityDelegate == null) {
                mAccessibilityDelegate = new ListItemAccessibilityDelegate();
            }
            if (child.getAccessibilityDelegate() == null) {
                child.setAccessibilityDelegate(mAccessibilityDelegate);
            }
        }

        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);

        return child;
    }

首先会从RecycleBin的mScrapViews数组里根据position位置获取对应的scrapView，然后传入mAdapter.getView(position, scrapView, this)方法获得一个child。getView方法就是我们熟悉的在我们自己写的Adapter里重写的getView方法，里面有一个convertView，我们会判断convertView是否为空。其实scrapView就是我们熟悉的convertView，它是从废弃的view数组里取出来的，当然有可能为空。这就是convertView 的来历。
获取到了一个item，接下来就是调用setupChild方法来进行对item进行摆放了，
setupChild方法主要代码：

if (needToMeasure) {
            final int childRight = childrenLeft + w;
            final int childBottom = childTop + h;
            child.layout(childrenLeft, childTop, childRight, childBottom);
        } else {
            child.offsetLeftAndRight(childrenLeft - child.getLeft());
            child.offsetTopAndBottom(childTop - child.getTop());
        }

其实就是用了child.layout方法或者child.offsetLeftAndRight，child.offsetTopAndBottom进行布局。

源码看的比较浅显，但是还是要写，要一点一滴慢慢积累。每天进步一点点！！！