neutron l3 agent

http://www.tuicool.com/articles/EZNFJf

一.Layer-3 Networking Extension

neutron l3作为一种API扩展,向租户提供了路由NAT功能。

l3扩展包含两种资源:

  • router:在不同内部子网中转发数据包;通过指定内部网关做NAT。每一个子网对应router上的一个端口,这个端口的ip就是子网的网关。
  • floating ip:代表一个外部网络的IP,映射到内部网络的端口上。当网络的router:external属性为True时,floating ip才能定义。

这两种资源都对应有不同的属性。支持CRUD操作。

二.代码分析

既然neutron中支持了l3扩展,那么怎样通过API来创建router或者floating ip,以提供路由以及NAT的功能的呢?

主要有以下几个步骤:

1.租户通过horizon,nova命令或者自定义的脚本,发送与router或floating ip相关的操作。

2.这些API请求发送到neutron server,通过neutron提供的API extension相对应。

3.实现这些API extension的操作,比如说create_router,则由具体的plugindatabase来共同完成。

4.plugin会通过rpc机制与网络节点上运行的l3 agent来执行l3 转发和NAT的功能。

l3.py

源代码目录:neutron/extensions/l3.py

class RouterPluginBase(object):

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def create_router(self, context, router):
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def update_router(self, context, id, router):
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def get_router(self, context, id, fields=None):
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def delete_router(self, context, id):
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def get_routers(self, context, filters=None, fields=None,
          sorts=None, limit=None, marker=None, page_reverse=False):
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def add_router_interface(self, context, router_id, interface_info):
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def remove_router_interface(self, context, router_id, interface_info):
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def create_floatingip(self, context, floatingip):
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def update_floatingip(self, context, id, floatingip):
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def get_floatingip(self, context, id, fields=None):
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def delete_floatingip(self, context, id):
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def get_floatingips(self, context, filters=None, fields=None,
            sorts=None, limit=None, marker=None,
            page_reverse=False):
    pass

  def get_routers_count(self, context, filters=None):
    raise NotImplementedError()

  def get_floatingips_count(self, context, filters=None):
    raise NotImplementedError()

这个模块中,class RouterPluginBase定义了plugin中需要实现的方法。

l3_db.py

源码目录:/neutron/db/l3_db.py

这个模块中,class L3_NAT_db_mixin继承了上面l3模块的class RouterPluginBase,因此在RouterPluginBase中定义的抽象方法就要在这里实现了。

类注释中写道,Mixin class to add L3/NAT router methods to db_plugin_base_v2。

在类的开始,有这样一段代码:

@property
    def l3_rpc_notifier(self):
        if not hasattr(self, '_l3_rpc_notifier'):
            self._l3_rpc_notifier = l3_rpc_agent_api.L3AgentNotifyAPI()
        return self._l3_rpc_notifier

说明l3_rpc_notifier,是模块l3_rpc_agent_api中类L3AgentNotifyAPI的一个实例。

l3_rpc_agent_api模块源码在/neutron/api/rpc/agentnotifiers/l3_rpc_agent_api.py。

class L3AgentNotifyAPI(n_rpc.RpcProxy):
  """API for plugin to notify L3 agent."""
  BASE_RPC_API_VERSION = '1.0'

  def __init__(self, topic=topics.L3_AGENT):
    super(L3AgentNotifyAPI, self).__init__(
      topic=topic, default_version=self.BASE_RPC_API_VERSION)

  def _notification_host(self, context, method, payload, host):
    """Notify the agent that is hosting the router."""		...

  def _agent_notification(self, context, method, router_ids,
              operation, data):
    """Notify changed routers to hosting l3 agents."""
    ...
def _notification(self, context, method, router_ids, operation, data):
    """Notify all the agents that are hosting the routers."""
    ...def _notification_fanout(self, context, method, router_id):
    """Fanout the deleted router to all L3 agents."""
    ...def agent_updated(self, context, admin_state_up, host):
    self._notification_host(context, 'agent_updated',
                {'admin_state_up': admin_state_up},
                host)

  def router_deleted(self, context, router_id):
    self._notification_fanout(context, 'router_deleted', router_id)

  def routers_updated(self, context, router_ids, operation=None, data=None):
    if router_ids:
      self._notification(context, 'routers_updated', router_ids,
                 operation, data)

  def router_removed_from_agent(self, context, router_id, host):
    self._notification_host(context, 'router_removed_from_agent',
                {'router_id': router_id}, host)

  def router_added_to_agent(self, context, router_ids, host):
    self._notification_host(context, 'router_added_to_agent',
                router_ids, host)

这个类主要用于plugin发送rpc通知给l3 agent。

rpc处理

在上面的l3_db.py中,会将涉及router和floating ip的处理读取或者写入到数据中。但是还有一些操作不仅如此,还需要通过rpc(通过调用l3_rpc_agent_api中的函数,这些操作大部分会去 调用routers_updated),通知l3 agent进行处理。

这些需要处理的地方包括:update_router,delete_router,add_router_interface,remove_router_interface,create_floatingip,update_floatingip,delete_floatingip,disassociate_floatingips 等操作。

l3_agent.py

源码目录:neutron/agent/l3_agent.py

l3 agent使用Linux ip协议栈和iptables来实现router和NAT的功能。

这时候,如果在horizon的界面创建一个路由,不进行任何操作的话,plugin只会操作数据库,l3 agent不会作处理。而当update router,如设置外部网关时,l3才会去处理请求。

l3 agent使用service框架启动服务,其manager类为neutron.agent.l3_agent.L3NATAgentWithStateReport,该类继承自L3NATAgent,主要实现了基于rpc的_report_state向PluginReportStateAPI(topic为q-plugin)汇报状态信息,这些信息由各个plugin来处理(比如ml2中通过start_rpc_listeners来注册该topic的消费者)。

L3NATAgent类是最主要的L3 Manager类,该类继承关系为 classL3NATAgent(firewall_l3_agent.FWaaSL3AgentRpcCallback, manager.Manager) ;FWaaSL3AgentRpcCallback 主要是加载防火墙驱动,并创建RPC与Plugin通信。

再来看 L3NATAgent 的创建过程:

def __init__(self, host, conf=None):
  if conf:
      self.conf = conf
  else:
      self.conf = cfg.CONF
  self.root_helper = config.get_root_helper(self.conf)
  self.router_info = {}

  self._check_config_params()

  try:
        # import driver from l3_agent.init 
      # Example: interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.OVSInterfaceDriver
      self.driver = importutils.import_object(
    self.conf.interface_driver,
    self.conf
      )
  except Exception:
      msg = _("Error importing interface driver "
        "'%s'") % self.conf.interface_driver
      LOG.error(msg)
      raise SystemExit(1)

  self.context = context.get_admin_context_without_session()
       Agent side of the l3 agent RPC API, topic is 'q-l3-plugin'
  self.plugin_rpc = L3PluginApi(topics.L3PLUGIN, host)
  self.fullsync = True
  self.updated_routers = set()
  self.removed_routers = set()
  self.sync_progress = False

  self._clean_stale_namespaces = self.conf.use_namespaces
        # Start RPC Loop 
  self.rpc_loop = loopingcall.FixedIntervalLoopingCall(
      self._rpc_loop)
  self.rpc_loop.start(interval=RPC_LOOP_INTERVAL)
  super(L3NATAgent, self).__init__(conf=self.conf)

  self.target_ex_net_id = None

上面的self.plugin_rpc会处理neutron-server转发过来的请求,这个请求是通过service_plugins的方式处理的:

neutron.service_plugins =
  dummy = neutron.tests.unit.dummy_plugin:DummyServicePlugin
  router = neutron.services.l3_router.l3_router_plugin:L3RouterPlugin
  firewall = neutron.services.firewall.fwaas_plugin:FirewallPlugin
  lbaas = neutron.services.loadbalancer.plugin:LoadBalancerPlugin
  vpnaas = neutron.services.vpn.plugin:VPNDriverPlugin
  metering = neutron.services.metering.metering_plugin:MeteringPlugin

self.rpc_loop 会循环检测从plugin发送过来的rpc请求:

@lockutils.synchronized('l3-agent', 'neutron-')
  def _rpc_loop(self):
    # _rpc_loop and _sync_routers_task will not be
    # executed in the same time because of lock.
    # so we can clear the value of updated_routers
    # and removed_routers, but they can be updated by
    # updated_routers and removed_routers rpc call
    try:
      LOG.debug(_("Starting RPC loop for %d updated routers"),
            len(self.updated_routers))
      if self.updated_routers:  # 保存了需要本次处理的router信息
        # We're capturing and clearing the list, and will
        # process the "captured" updates in this loop,
        # and any updates that happen due to a context switch
        # will be picked up on the next pass.
        updated_routers = set(self.updated_routers)
        self.updated_routers.clear()
        router_ids = list(updated_routers)
        routers = self.plugin_rpc.get_routers(
          self.context, router_ids)
        # routers with admin_state_up=false will not be in the fetched
        fetched = set([r['id'] for r in routers])
          #不在fetched中而在updated_routers中,说明需删除
        self.removed_routers.update(updated_routers - fetched)   

        self._process_routers(routers)
      self._process_router_delete()
      LOG.debug(_("RPC loop successfully completed"))
    except Exception:
      LOG.exception(_("Failed synchronizing routers"))
      self.fullsync = True

_process_routers

如果有rpc请求过来,即需要更新路由信息,或者添加路由子接口,创建floating ip等操作,都会在这里执行。这个函数里会去调用_process_routers函数,在_process_routers函数中会去创建绿色线程,执行process_router函数。可以说,l3 agent调用网络设备的工作都会在process_router中进行。

def process_router(self, ri):
    ri.iptables_manager.defer_apply_on()
    ex_gw_port = self._get_ex_gw_port(ri)
    internal_ports = ri.router.get(l3_constants.INTERFACE_KEY, [])
    existing_port_ids = set([p['id'] for p in ri.internal_ports])
    current_port_ids = set([p['id'] for p in internal_ports
                if p['admin_state_up']])
    new_ports = [p for p in internal_ports if
           p['id'] in current_port_ids and
           p['id'] not in existing_port_ids]
    old_ports = [p for p in ri.internal_ports if
           p['id'] not in current_port_ids]
    for p in new_ports:
      self._set_subnet_info(p)
      self.internal_network_added(ri, p['network_id'], p['id'],
                    p['ip_cidr'], p['mac_address'])
      ri.internal_ports.append(p)

    for p in old_ports:
      self.internal_network_removed(ri, p['id'], p['ip_cidr'])
      ri.internal_ports.remove(p)

    existing_devices = self._get_existing_devices(ri)
    current_internal_devs = set([n for n in existing_devices
                   if n.startswith(INTERNAL_DEV_PREFIX)])
    current_port_devs = set([self.get_internal_device_name(id) for
                 id in current_port_ids])
    stale_devs = current_internal_devs - current_port_devs
    for stale_dev in stale_devs:
      LOG.debug(_('Deleting stale internal router device: %s'),
            stale_dev)
      self.driver.unplug(stale_dev,
                 namespace=ri.ns_name,
                 prefix=INTERNAL_DEV_PREFIX)

    # Get IPv4 only internal CIDRs
    internal_cidrs = [p['ip_cidr'] for p in ri.internal_ports
              if netaddr.IPNetwork(p['ip_cidr']).version == 4]
    # TODO(salv-orlando): RouterInfo would be a better place for
    # this logic too
    ex_gw_port_id = (ex_gw_port and ex_gw_port['id'] or
             ri.ex_gw_port and ri.ex_gw_port['id'])

    interface_name = None
    if ex_gw_port_id:
      interface_name = self.get_external_device_name(ex_gw_port_id)
    if ex_gw_port and ex_gw_port != ri.ex_gw_port:
      self._set_subnet_info(ex_gw_port)
      self.external_gateway_added(ri, ex_gw_port,
                    interface_name, internal_cidrs)
    elif not ex_gw_port and ri.ex_gw_port:
      self.external_gateway_removed(ri, ri.ex_gw_port,
                      interface_name, internal_cidrs)

    stale_devs = [dev for dev in existing_devices
            if dev.startswith(EXTERNAL_DEV_PREFIX)
            and dev != interface_name]
    for stale_dev in stale_devs:
      LOG.debug(_('Deleting stale external router device: %s'),
            stale_dev)
      self.driver.unplug(stale_dev,
                 bridge=self.conf.external_network_bridge,
                 namespace=ri.ns_name,
                 prefix=EXTERNAL_DEV_PREFIX)

    # Process static routes for router
    self.routes_updated(ri)
    # Process SNAT rules for external gateway
    ri.perform_snat_action(self._handle_router_snat_rules,
                 internal_cidrs, interface_name)

    # Process SNAT/DNAT rules for floating IPs
    fip_statuses = {}
    try:
      if ex_gw_port:
        existing_floating_ips = ri.floating_ips
        self.process_router_floating_ip_nat_rules(ri)
        ri.iptables_manager.defer_apply_off()
        # Once NAT rules for floating IPs are safely in place
        # configure their addresses on the external gateway port
        fip_statuses = self.process_router_floating_ip_addresses(
          ri, ex_gw_port)
    except Exception:
      # TODO(salv-orlando): Less broad catching
      # All floating IPs must be put in error state
      for fip in ri.router.get(l3_constants.FLOATINGIP_KEY, []):
        fip_statuses[fip['id']] = l3_constants.FLOATINGIP_STATUS_ERROR

    if ex_gw_port:
      # Identify floating IPs which were disabled
      ri.floating_ips = set(fip_statuses.keys())
      for fip_id in existing_floating_ips - ri.floating_ips:
        fip_statuses[fip_id] = l3_constants.FLOATINGIP_STATUS_DOWN
      # Update floating IP status on the neutron server
      self.plugin_rpc.update_floatingip_statuses(
        self.context, ri.router_id, fip_statuses)

    # Update ex_gw_port and enable_snat on the router info cache
    ri.ex_gw_port = ex_gw_port
    ri.enable_snat = ri.router.get('enable_snat')

process_router函数所做的工作有:

这个是在router添加和删除子接口时工作。它会调用internal_network_added和internal_network_removed这个两个函数。

在internal_network_added和internal_network_removed这个两个函数会去调用OVSInterfaceDriver 的plug和unplug 函数,这两个函数最终会用 ip link 和 ip addr的命令去处理接口和ip地址。

2.处理外部网关

router添加和删除外部网关。调用external_gateway_added和external_gateway_removed函数,同样也会调用plug和unplug函数,用 ip link 和 ip addr 的命令进行最终处理

3.为外部网关做SNAT

调用_handle_router_snat_rules函数,使用 iptables 来加链和删除链。

在我的测试网络中,router上有3个接口,外部网关地址为192.168.39.2,内部两个子网的网关为10.1.0.1,10.2.0.1。iptables规则如下:

1
2
3
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING ! -i qg-fcb1a762-1f ! -o qg-fcb1a762-1f -m conntrack ! --ctstate DNAT -j ACCEPT

iptables -t nat -A snat -s 10.2.0.1 /24 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.39.2

iptables -t nat -A snat -s 10.1.0.1 /24 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.39.2

qg-fcb1a762-1f为外部网关接口的索引,使用ip netns exec $namespace ip link list可查看。

4.为floating ip做SNAT/DNAT

和浮动IP相关,如创建,更新,删除,绑定到一个云主机的接口,解绑定等。

不同neutron版本这部分的处理不同,这里是基于Icehouse rc1版本的,在havava stable版本,只有一个函数来处理iptables规则和floating ip。

process_router_floating_ip_nat_rules :当floating ip与云主机绑定时,会先清除已有的floating_ip规则,再加上要添加的iptables规则,同时重新加载清除的iptables规则。

比如,一个云主机10.1.0.2上绑定了一个floating ip(192.168.39.5)。那么最终会在iptable不同的链中添加iptables规则,float-snat为neutron自定义链。

1
2
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iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.39.5 -j DNAT --to 10.1.0.2  iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -d 192.168.39.5 -j DNAT --to 10.1.0.2  iptables -t nat -A float-snat -s 10.1.0.2 -j SNAT --to 192.168.39.5

process_router_floating_ip_addresses:

将floating ip和云主机绑定时,使用ip addr add命令添加ip地址。 解除floating ip和云主机绑定时,使用ip addr del命令将floating ip删除。

类图

本文转自http://squarey.me/cloud-virtualization/neutron-l3-analyse.html,有部分删改。

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