Kubernetes 1.2 新功能介绍:Deployment

http://www.dockerinfo.net/1128.html


20160721155825

什么是Deployment


Kubernetes Deployment提供了官方的用于更新Pod和Replica Set(下一代的Replication Controller)的方法,您可以在Deployment对象中只描述您所期望的理想状态(预期的运行状态),Deployment控制器为您将现在的实际状态转换成您期望的状态,例如,您想将所有的webapp:v1.0.9升级成webapp:v1.1.0,您只需创建一个Deployment,Kubernetes会按照Deployment自动进行升级。现在,您可以通过Deployment来创建新的资源(pod,rs,rc),替换已经存在的资源等。

Deployment集成了上线部署、滚动升级、创建副本、暂停上线任务,恢复上线任务,回滚到以前某一版本(成功/稳定)的Deployment等功能,在某种程度上,Deployment可以帮我们实现无人值守的上线,大大降低我们的上线过程的复杂沟通、操作风险。

Deployment的使用场景


下面是Deployment的典型用例:

  • 使用Deployment来启动(上线/部署)一个Pod或者ReplicaSet
  • 检查一个Deployment是否成功执行
  • 更新Deployment来重新创建相应的Pods(例如,需要使用一个新的Image)
  • 如果现有的Deployment不稳定,那么回滚到一个早期的稳定的Deployment版本
  • 暂停或者恢复一个Deployment

创建Deployment


下面是一个简单的Deployment的例子,它创建了一个ReplicaSet来创建三个

nginx Pods
cat > nginx-deployment.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
spec:
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.7.9
ports:

- containerPort: 80

创建nginx(1.7.9)deployment示例:

kubectl create -f nginx-deployment.yaml --record

使用—record选项是为了记录当前执行的命令所创建/更新的资源,即使用—record选型执行的deployment都会被记录下来,用于以后查看每次deployment的细节,查看所有Deployment的历史,或者回滚到某一历史版本。

我们使用kubectl get deployment(s) [name]来查看Deployment的状态,下面的命令供参考:

kubectl get deployment nginx-deploymen
NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   3         3         3            3           22m

这里DESIRED为3,CURRENT为3,UP-TO-DATE,AVAILABLE均为3,说明Deployment按照您的预期(创建3个Nginx Pods)已经完成任务。

kubectl get deployement
kubectl get rc
kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME                                READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE       LABELS
nginx-deployment-2035384211-nllka   1/1       Running             0          23m       app=nginx,pod-template-hash=2035384211
nginx-deployment-2035384211-w1jqv   1/1       Running             0          23m       app=nginx,pod-template-hash=2035384211
nginx-deployment-2035384211-x0c1a   1/1       Running             0          23m       app=nginx,pod-template-hash=2035384211

查看Deployment的状态


 

kubectl get deployment nginx-deployment -o yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
annotations:
deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
creationTimestamp: 2016-04-12T15:52:51Z
generation: 2
labels:
app: nginx
name: nginx-deployment
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "539464"
selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/deployments/nginx-deployment
uid: 9ca3c289-00c6-11e6-a09f-fa163e788d93
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 1
maxUnavailable: 1
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx:1.7.9
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
protocol: TCP
resources: {}
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
restartPolicy: Always
securityContext: {}
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status:
availableReplicas: 3
observedGeneration: 2

replicas: 3

{.spec.replicas}被设置为3,那么Deploymentment会创建3nginx(1.7.9)的副本

kubectl get deployment nginx-deployment -o yaml | grep [Gg]eneration

generation: 2

observednGeneration: 2

更新Deployment


假设我们现在需要将刚刚创建的nginx从1.7.9版本升级到1.9.1,我们可以创建一个新的Deployment:

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
spec:
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.9.1
ports:
- containerPort: 80

我们使用kubectl apply命令来发起Deployment更新:

kubectl apply -f new-nginx-deployment.yaml

deployment nginx-deployment configured

也可以通过edit命令在线修改deployment:

kubectl edit deployment nginx-deployment

deployment nginx-deployment configured

命令执行后,可以通过kubectl get pods [—show-label]来查看nginx是否已经从1.7.9更新至1.9.1

回滚Deployment


这里我们模拟一次失败的部署,我们利用一个不存在的镜像(例如:nginx:1.91),我们看接下来会发生什么。

先创建一个nginx(1.91)的Deployment:

cat > bad-nginx-deployment.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
spec:
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.91
ports:

- containerPort: 80

更新这个deployment:

kubectl apply -f bad-nginx-deployment.yaml

kubectl get rs
NAME                          DESIRED   CURRENT   AGE
nginx-deployment-1564180365   2         2         32m
nginx-deployment-2035384211   0         0         37m
nginx-deployment-3066724191   2         2         30m

查看deployment的创建情况:

kubectl get pods 
NAME                                READY     STATUS             RESTARTS   AGE
daemons-demo-29xri                  1/1       Running            0          1h
daemons-demo-j5z1k                  1/1       Running            0          1h
daemons-demo-oxzki                  1/1       Running            0          1h
daemons-demo-rsw8f                  1/1       Running            0          1h
nginx-deployment-1564180365-klelt   1/1       Running            0          33m
nginx-deployment-1564180365-opmuu   1/1       Running            0          33m
nginx-deployment-3066724191-qmqo2   0/1       ImagePullBackOff   0          2m
nginx-deployment-3066724191-w6wd7   0/1       ImagePullBackOff   0          2m

到此时,我们发现最新一次Deployment出现了问题,没有找到相应的镜像,部署失败。对于这种情形,我们选择将Deployment恢复到上一版本,注意,这里不是通过恢复之前的RC或者Pods或者RS,而是回滚Deployment。

查看deployment的历史记录:

kubectl rollout history deployment nginx-deployment
deployments "nginx-deployment":
REVISION    CHANGE-CAUSE
1       kubectl create -f nginx-deployment.yaml --record
4       kubectl apply -f new-nginx-deployment.yaml --record
5       kubectl apply -f bad-nginx-deployment.yaml --record

REVISION的三个序号【1,4,5】说明您可以回到这三个版本中的任一一个,现在我们选择回退到序号4即nginx:1.9.1版本:

kubectl get rs
NAME                          DESIRED   CURRENT   AGE
nginx-deployment-1564180365   2         2         39m
nginx-deployment-2035384211   0         0         43m
nginx-deployment-3066724191   2         2         36m

kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx-deployment --to-revision=4
deployment "nginx-deployment" rolled back

kubectl get rs
NAME                          DESIRED   CURRENT   AGE
nginx-deployment-1564180365   3         3         39m
nginx-deployment-2035384211   0         0         44m
nginx-deployment-3066724191   0         0         37m

现在Deployment已经完全恢复到nginx1.9.1时的正常情况,nginx又可以正常对外服务了。在以后的实际运维工作中,我们会采用这种方式来回滚应用版本,不再使用原来RC的方式。

暂停或恢复上线


在发布一个新的deployment过程中,可以暂停上线过程:

kubectl rollout pause deployment nginx-deployment
kubectl get rs
NAME                          DESIRED   CURRENT   AGE
nginx-deployment-1564180365   3         3         45m
nginx-deployment-2035384211   0         0         50m
nginx-deployment-3066724191   0         0         42m

也可通过如下命令恢复/继续上线过程:

kubectl rollout resume deployment/nginx-deployment

kubectl get rs
NAME                          DESIRED   CURRENT   AGE
nginx-deployment-1564180365   3         3         46m
nginx-deployment-2035384211   0         0         51m
nginx-deployment-3066724191   0         0         44m
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