Android Http请求方法汇总

这篇文章主要实现了在Android中使用JDK的HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源，服务端采用python+flask编写，使用Servlet太麻烦了。关于Http协议的相关知识，可以在网上查看相关资料。代码比较简单，就不详细解释了。

1. 使用JDK中HttpURLConnection访问网络资源

(1)get请求

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public String executeHttpGet() {          String result =  null ;          URL url =  null ;          HttpURLConnection connection =  null ;          InputStreamReader in =  null ;          try {              url =  new URL( "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou" );              connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();              in =  new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());              BufferedReader bufferedReader =  new BufferedReader(in);              StringBuffer strBuffer =  new StringBuffer();              String line =  null ;              while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) !=  null ) {                  strBuffer.append(line);              }              result = strBuffer.toString();          }  catch (Exception e) {              e.printStackTrace();          }  finally {              if (connection !=  null ) {                  connection.disconnect();              }              if (in !=  null ) {                  try {                      in.close();                  }  catch (IOException e) {                      e.printStackTrace();                  }              }            }          return result;      }

注意：因为是通过android模拟器访问本地pc服务端，所以不能使用localhost和127.0.0.1，使用127.0.0.1会访问模拟器自身。Android系统为实现通信将PC的IP设置为10.0.2.2

(2)post请求

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public String executeHttpPost() {          String result =  null ;          URL url =  null ;          HttpURLConnection connection =  null ;          InputStreamReader in =  null ;          try {              url =  new URL( "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/" );              connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();              connection.setDoInput( true );              connection.setDoOutput( true );              connection.setRequestMethod( "POST" );              connection.setRequestProperty( "Content-Type" ,  "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" );              connection.setRequestProperty( "Charset" ,  "utf-8" );              DataOutputStream dop =  new DataOutputStream(                      connection.getOutputStream());              dop.writeBytes( "token=alexzhou" );              dop.flush();              dop.close();                in =  new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());              BufferedReader bufferedReader =  new BufferedReader(in);              StringBuffer strBuffer =  new StringBuffer();              String line =  null ;              while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) !=  null ) {                  strBuffer.append(line);              }              result = strBuffer.toString();          }  catch (Exception e) {              e.printStackTrace();          }  finally {              if (connection !=  null ) {                  connection.disconnect();              }              if (in !=  null ) {                  try {                      in.close();                  }  catch (IOException e) {                      e.printStackTrace();                  }              }            }          return result;      }

如果参数中有中文的话，可以使用下面的方式进行编码解码：

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1 2	URLEncoder.encode( "测试" , "utf-8" ) URLDecoder.decode( "测试" , "utf-8" );

2.使用Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源
(1)get请求

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public String executeGet() {          String result =  null ;          BufferedReader reader =  null ;          try {              HttpClient client =  new DefaultHttpClient();              HttpGet request =  new HttpGet();              request.setURI( new URI(                      "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou" ));              HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);              reader =  new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(response                      .getEntity().getContent()));                StringBuffer strBuffer =  new StringBuffer( "" );              String line =  null ;              while ((line = reader.readLine()) !=  null ) {                  strBuffer.append(line);              }              result = strBuffer.toString();            }  catch (Exception e) {              e.printStackTrace();          }  finally {              if (reader !=  null ) {                  try {                      reader.close();                      reader =  null ;                  }  catch (IOException e) {                      e.printStackTrace();                  }              }          }            return result;      }

（2）post请求

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public String executePost() {          String result =  null ;          BufferedReader reader =  null ;          try {              HttpClient client =  new DefaultHttpClient();              HttpPost request =  new HttpPost();              request.setURI( new URI( "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/" ));              List<NameValuePair> postParameters =  new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();              postParameters.add( new BasicNameValuePair( "token" ,  "alexzhou" ));              UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity =  new UrlEncodedFormEntity(                      postParameters);              request.setEntity(formEntity);                HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);              reader =  new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(response                      .getEntity().getContent()));                StringBuffer strBuffer =  new StringBuffer( "" );              String line =  null ;              while ((line = reader.readLine()) !=  null ) {                  strBuffer.append(line);              }              result = strBuffer.toString();            }  catch (Exception e) {              e.printStackTrace();          }  finally {              if (reader !=  null ) {                  try {                      reader.close();                      reader =  null ;                  }  catch (IOException e) {                      e.printStackTrace();                  }              }          }            return result;      }

3.服务端代码实现
上面是采用两种方式的get和post请求的代码，下面来实现服务端的代码编写，使用python+flask真的非常的简单，就一个文件，前提是你得搭建好python+flask的环境，代码如下：

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#coding=utf-8   import json from flask  import Flask,request,render_template   app  = Flask(__name__)   def send_ok_json(data = None ):      if not data:          data  = {}      ok_json  = { 'ok' : True , 'reason' :' ',' data':data}      return json.dumps(ok_json)   @app .route( '/data/get/' ,methods = [ 'GET' ]) def data_get():      token  = request.args.get( 'token' )      ret  = '%s**%s' % (token, 'get' )      return send_ok_json(ret)   @app .route( '/data/post/' ,methods = [ 'POST' ]) def data_post():      token  = request.form.get( 'token' )      ret  = '%s**%s' % (token, 'post' )      return send_ok_json(ret)   if __name__  = = "__main__" :      app.run(host = "localhost" ,port = 8888 ,debug = True )

运行服务器，如图：

4. 编写单元测试代码
右击项目：new–》Source Folder取名tests，包名是：com.alexzhou.androidhttp.test（随便取，没有要求），结构如图：

在该包下创建测试类HttpTest，继承自AndroidTestCase。编写这四种方式的测试方法，代码如下:

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public class HttpTest  extends AndroidTestCase {        @Override      protected void setUp()  throws Exception {          Log.e( "HttpTest" ,  "setUp" );      }        @Override      protected void tearDown()  throws Exception {          Log.e( "HttpTest" ,  "tearDown" );      }        public void testExecuteGet() {          Log.e( "HttpTest" ,  "testExecuteGet" );          HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();          String result = client.executeGet();          Log.e( "HttpTest" , result);      }        public void testExecutePost() {          Log.e( "HttpTest" ,  "testExecutePost" );          HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();          String result = client.executePost();          Log.e( "HttpTest" , result);      }        public void testExecuteHttpGet() {          Log.e( "HttpTest" ,  "testExecuteHttpGet" );          HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();          String result = client.executeHttpGet();          Log.e( "HttpTest" , result);      }        public void testExecuteHttpPost() {          Log.e( "HttpTest" ,  "testExecuteHttpPost" );          HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();          String result = client.executeHttpPost();          Log.e( "HttpTest" , result);      } }

附上HttpClientTest.java的其他代码：

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public class HttpClientTest {        private static final Object mSyncObject =  new Object();      private static HttpClientTest mInstance;        private HttpClientTest() {        }        public static HttpClientTest getInstance() {          synchronized (mSyncObject) {              if (mInstance !=  null ) {                  return mInstance;              }              mInstance =  new HttpClientTest();          }          return mInstance;      }      /**...上面的四个方法...*/ }

现在还需要修改Android项目的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml，添加网络访问权限和单元测试的配置，AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的全部代码如下：

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< manifest xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"      package = "com.alexzhou.androidhttp"      android:versionCode = "1"      android:versionName = "1.0" >        < uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.INTERNET" />        < uses-sdk          android:minSdkVersion = "8"          android:targetSdkVersion = "15" />        < application          android:icon = "@drawable/ic_launcher"          android:label = "@string/app_name"          android:theme = "@style/AppTheme" >          < uses-library android:name = "android.test.runner" />            < activity              android:name = ".MainActivity"              android:label = "@string/title_activity_main" >              < intent-filter >                  < action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />                    < category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />              </ intent-filter >          </ activity >      </ application >        < instrumentation          android:name = "android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"          android:targetPackage = "com.alexzhou.androidhttp" />   </ manifest >

注意：
android:name=”android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner”这部分不用更改
android:targetPackage=”com.alexzhou.androidhttp”，填写应用程序的包名

5.测试结果
展开测试类HttpTest，依次选中这四个测试方法，右击：Run As–》Android Junit Test。
(1)运行testExecuteHttpGet，结果如图：
(2)运行testExecuteHttpPost，结果如图：
(3)运行testExecuteGet，结果如图：
(4)运行testExecutePost，结果如图：