数据库系统概念第一章重要概念+习题+部分答案

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数据库系统体系结构

实践习题和答案

1.2

1.3

1.6

习题

1.13

Answer: A general purpose database-management system (DBMS) has five responsibilities:
a. interaction with the file manager.
b. integrity enforcement.
c. security enforcement.
d. backup and recovery.
e. concurrency control.
If these responsibilities were not met by a given DBMS (and the text points out that sometimes a responsibility is omitted by design, such as concurrency control on a single-user DBMS for a micro computer) the following problems can occur, respectively:
a. No DBMS can do without this, if there is no file manager interaction
then nothing stored in the files can be retrieved.
b. Consistency constraints may not be satisfied, for example an instructor may belong to a non-existent department, two students may have
the same ID, account balances could go below the minimum allowed,
and so on.
c. Unauthorized users may access the database, or users authorized to
access part of the database may be able to access parts of the database
for which they lack authority. For example, a low-level user could get
access to national defense secret codes, or employees could find out
what their supervisors earn (which is presumably a secret).
d. Data could be lost permanently, rather than at least being available
in a consistent state that existed prior to a failure.
e. Consistency constraints may be violated despite proper integrity enforcement in each transaction. For example, incorrect bank balances
might be reflected due to simultaneous withdrawals and deposits on
the same account, and so on.

补充思考

1.在文件处理系统中存储组织信息的主要弊端有哪些？？？

Data redundancy and inconsistency
Difficulty in accessing data.
Data isolation.
Integrity problems.
Atomicity problems.
Concurrent-access anomalies.
Security problems.

2.为了使得存储数据值满足一致性约束，数据库系统以哪些方式实现完整性约束？

（我没搞懂一致性约束和完整性约束的区别）

Domain Constraints
Referential Integrity
Assertions.
Authorization.

以下资料来源：

http://www.zybang.com/question/e23cf724ee5a0d00d2cba4f9ccb2d23b.html

https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/53409759.html

https://blog.csdn.net/luke_wang/article/details/53240215

一致性约束和完整性约束的区别

3.数据抽象的三层

4.实例和模式

5.数据模型

6.元数据和数据字典

7.存储管理器

8.查询处理器

9.事务和事务管理器