python Django 1.7 中文入门 (官网) 06 第一个项目1_2

在这一节主要讲应用的创建和models设置,这里非常重要，一定要认真学习哦。

工具/原料

• python3.4.2
• django1.7.1

方法/步骤

1. 创建app

   D:\python\www\mysite>python3 manage.py startapp polls

   应用polls的目录如下：

   polls/

      __init__.py

      admin.py

      migrations/

          __init__.py

      models.py

      tests.py

      views.py

2. 编辑poll/models.py文件

   from django.db import models

   # Create your models here.

   class Question(models.Model):

           question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)

           pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

   class Choice(models.Model):

           question = models.ForeignKey(Question)

           choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)

           votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

3. 激活models

   编辑mysite/settings.py，添加polls应用。

   INSTALLED_APPS = (

      'django.contrib.admin',

      'django.contrib.auth',

      'django.contrib.contenttypes',

      'django.contrib.sessions',

      'django.contrib.messages',

      'django.contrib.staticfiles',

      'polls'

   )

4. 现在Django已经知道项目包括polls应用，运行如下命令：

   D:\python\www\mysite>manage.py makemigrations polls

   然后显示如下内容：

   Migrations for 'polls':

    0001_initial.py:

      - Create model Choice

      - Create model Question

      - Add field question to choice

5. 运行sqlmigrate命令可以返回SQL语句：

   python3 manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001

   返回如下：

   BEGIN;

   CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "choice_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "votes" integer NOT NULL);

   CREATE TABLE "polls_question" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,

   "question_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "pub_date" datetime NOT NULL);

   CREATE TABLE "polls_choice__new" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "choice_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "votes" integer NOT NULL, "question_id"

   integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "polls_question" ("id"));

   INSERT INTO "polls_choice__new" ("id", "choice_text", "votes") SELECT "id", "cho

   ice_text", "votes" FROM "polls_choice";

   DROP TABLE "polls_choice";

   ALTER TABLE "polls_choice__new" RENAME TO "polls_choice";

   CREATE INDEX polls_choice_7aa0f6ee ON "polls_choice" ("question_id");

   COMMIT;

6. 现在运行migrate创建models表格。

   python3 manage.py migrate

   返回：

   Operations to perform:

    Apply all migrations: admin, auth, sessions, polls, contenttypes

   Running migrations:

    Applying polls.0001_initial... OK