python面试知识总结（七）——leetcode与NLP相关知识点

Given an array of integers

给定一个整数数组和一个目标值，找出数组中和为目标值的两个数。你可以假设每个输入只对应一种答案，且同样的元素不能被重复利用。示例:给定nums = [2,7,11,15],target=9 因为 nums[0]+nums[1] = 2+7 =9,所以返回[0,1]

class Solution:
    def twoSum(self,nums,target):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :type target: int
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        d = {}
        size = 0
        while size < len(nums):
            if target-nums[size] in d:
                if d[target-nums[size]] <size:
                    return [d[target-nums[size]],size]
                else:
                    d[nums[size]] = size
                size = size +1
solution = Solution()
list = [2,7,11,15]
target = 9
nums = solution.twoSum(list,target)
print(nums)

class Solution(object):
    def twoSum(self, nums, target):
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            num = target - nums[i]
            if num in nums[i+1:]:
                return [i, nums.index(num,i+1)]

给列表中的字典排序：假设有如下list对象，alist=[{“name”:“a”,“age”:20},{“name”:“b”,“age”:30},{“name”:“c”,“age”:25}],将alist中的元素按照age从大到小排序 alist=[{“name”:“a”,“age”:20},{“name”:“b”,“age”:30},{“name”:“c”,“age”:25}]

alist_sort = sorted(alist,key=lambda e: e.__getitem__('age'),reverse=True)

python代码实现删除一个list里面的重复元素

def distFunc1(a):
    """使用集合去重"""
    a = list(set(a))
    print(a)

def distFunc2(a):
    """将一个列表的数据取出放到另一个列表中，中间作判断"""
    list = []
    for i in a:
        if i not in list:
            list.append(i)
    #如果需要排序的话用sort
    list.sort()
    print(list)

def distFunc3(a):
    """使用字典"""
    b = {}
    b = b.fromkeys(a)
    c = list(b.keys())
    print(c)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    a = [1,2,4,2,4,5,7,10,5,5,7,8,9,0,3]
    distFunc1(a)
    distFunc2(a)
    distFunc3(a)

统计一个文本中单词频次最高的10个单词？

import re

# 方法一
def test(filepath):
    
    distone = {}

    with open(filepath) as f:
        for line in f:
            line = re.sub("\W+", " ", line)
            lineone = line.split()
            for keyone in lineone:
                if not distone.get(keyone):
                    distone[keyone] = 1
                else:
                    distone[keyone] += 1
    num_ten = sorted(distone.items(), key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True)[:10]
    num_ten =[x[0] for x in num_ten]
    return num_ten
    
 
# 方法二 
# 使用 built-in 的 Counter 里面的 most_common
import re
from collections import Counter


def test2(filepath):
    with open(filepath) as f:
        return list(map(lambda c: c[0], Counter(re.sub("\W+", " ", f.read()).split()).most_common(10)))

请写出一个函数满足以下条件

该函数的输入是一个仅包含数字的list,输出一个新的list，其中每一个元素要满足以下条件：

1、该元素是偶数

2、该元素在原list中是在偶数的位置(index是偶数)

def num_list(num):
    return [i for i in num if i %2 ==0 and num.index(i)%2==0]

num = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
result = num_list(num)
print(result)

使用单一的列表生成式来产生一个新的列表

该列表只包含满足以下条件的值，元素为原始列表中偶数切片

list_data = [1,2,5,8,10,3,18,6,20]
res = [x for x in list_data[::2] if x %2 ==0]
print(res)

用一行代码生成[1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100]

[x * x for x in range(1,11)]

输入某年某月某日，判断这一天是这一年的第几天？

import datetime

y = int(input("请输入4位数字的年份:"))
m = int(input("请输入月份:"))
d = int(input("请输入是哪一天"))

targetDay = datetime.date(y,m,d)
dayCount = targetDay - datetime.date(targetDay.year -1,12,31)
print("%s是 %s年的第%s天。"%(targetDay,y,dayCount.days))

两个有序列表，l1,l2，对这两个列表进行合并不可使用extend

def loop_merge_sort(l1,l2):
    tmp = []
    while len(l1)>0 and len(l2)>0:
        if l1[0] <l2[0]:
            tmp.append(l1[0])
            del l1[0]
        else:
            tmp.append(l2[0])
            del l2[0]
    while len(l1)>0:
        tmp.append(l1[0])
        del l1[0]
    while len(l2)>0:
        tmp.append(l2[0])
        del l2[0]
    return tmp