Tcp篇套接字编程学习笔记（三）

 

1、使用异步Socket

    当使用Connect与远程计算机进行连接的时候。如果对方计算机无法连接时，connect函数会等待75秒。这段时间很长，实际中我肯定不想让一个connect函数去等待那么长的时间。同样，再使用send,recv函数的时候，当发送缓冲区满或接受缓冲区满时函数也会阻塞。看看异步socket的特点，可以解决这个connect问题。可以设置socket的特点解决send,recv的超时等待问题。代码如下：

SOCKET                           Sock;                                                                            int                        iPort       = 0;               TCHAR               lszIP[16] = {_T('/0')};               char                     szRet[8] = {0};               WSADATA          wsaData;               CString               sPort = _T("");                 //GetDlgItem(IDC_EDIT1)->GetWindowTextW(lszIP,sizeof(lszIP));               //GetDlgItem(IDC_EDIT2)->GetWindowTextW(sPort);               //iPort = _wtoi(sPort.GetBuffer());                 //版本协商               int iResult = WSAStartup( MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData );                 // 判断iResult 结果                 // 创建Socket               Sock = socket ( AF_INET , SOCK_STREAM , 0 );               if ( Sock < 0 ) {                             return ;               }                 try {                             struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;                             serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;                             serveraddr.sin_port   = htons(short(iPort));                             serveraddr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr((const char *)UnicodeToAnsi(lszIP,NULL));                               //set Recv and Send time out                             int TimeOut=6000;           //设置发送超时6秒                             if (::setsockopt(Sock,SOL_SOCKET,SO_SNDTIMEO,(char *)&TimeOut,sizeof(TimeOut))==SOCKET_ERROR){                                           return ;                             }                             TimeOut=6000;   //设置接收超时6秒                             if (::setsockopt(Sock,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVTIMEO,(char *)&TimeOut,sizeof(TimeOut))==SOCKET_ERROR){                                           return ;                             }                               //设置非阻塞方式连接                             unsigned long ul = 1;                             int ret = ioctlsocket(Sock, FIONBIO, (unsigned long*)&ul);                             if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)                                           return ;                               // 设置非阻塞方式后connect会立即返回，使用select来判断时候连接成功                             connect ( Sock , (struct sockaddr*)&serveraddr , sizeof(serveraddr) );                             struct timeval timeout ;                             fd_set r;                               FD_ZERO(&r);                             FD_SET(Sock, &r);                             timeout.tv_sec = 2; //连接超时2秒                             timeout.tv_usec =0;                             ret = select(0, 0, &r, 0, &timeout);                             if ( ret <= 0 )                             {                                           ::closesocket(Sock);                                           return ;                             }                               //一般非锁定模式套接比较难控制，可以根据实际情况考虑 再设回阻塞模式                             unsigned long ul1= 0 ;                             ret = ioctlsocket(Sock, FIONBIO, (unsigned long*)&ul1);                             if(ret==SOCKET_ERROR){                                           ::closesocket (Sock);                                           return ;                             }                               // 发送信息给服务器程序                             {                                           if ( 1 == send(Sock,"F",1,0) ) {                                                         if ( 1 == recv(Sock,szRet,1,0) ) {                                                                       closesocket(Sock);                                                                       return ;                                                         }                                                         else {                                                                       closesocket(Sock);                                                                       return ;                                                         }                                           }                             }               }               catch ( ... ){                             TCHAR szError[DEF_TEMP_BUF]={0};                             gszGetLastErrorText(szError, DEF_TEMP_BUF);               }               return ;

2、使用指定端口与服务器进行连接

   再第二篇中的 setWinSock函数中，我没有指定用哪个端口来连接。如果我在firewall上面设置了，只开放一部分端口，那我怎么用这部分端口来与远程计算机进行通讯？代码如下：

struct sockaddr_in stlocalSsin; stlocalSsin.sin_family = AF_INET; stlocalSsin.sin_port    = htons(short(9999)); stlocalSsin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr((const char *)UnicodeToAnsi(lszIP,NULL));   // 设置本地Socket信息 if ( bind(Sock,(struct sockaddr*)&stlocalSsin,sizeof(stlocalSsin)) < 0) {               return ; } // connect

   这样可以看到使用了9999号端口与远程计算机进行连接。

3、判断端口占用情况

   察看本地侦听端口可以使用bind函数看看是否成功。也可以使用connect看看是否能够连接上。那netstat命令是怎样获得端口使用信息的呢？用了个反编译工具在netstat中找到了很多函数。最后找到一个GetTcpTable函数： The GetTcpTable function retrieves the TCP connection table。同样可是使用GetUdpTable获得相关信息。代码如下：

// Declare and initialize variables PMIB_TCPTABLE pTcpTable;   pTcpTable = (MIB_TCPTABLE*) malloc(sizeof(MIB_TCPTABLE)); DWORD dwSize = 0;   // Make an initial call to GetTcpTable to // get the necessary size into the dwSize variable if (GetTcpTable(pTcpTable, &dwSize, TRUE) == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {  GlobalFree(pTcpTable);  pTcpTable = (MIB_TCPTABLE*) malloc ((UINT) dwSize); }   // Make a second call to GetTcpTable to get // the actual data we require if ((dwRetVal = GetTcpTable(pTcpTable, &dwSize, TRUE)) == NO_ERROR) {  for (int i = 0; i < (int) pTcpTable->dwNumEntries; i++) {     printf("State: %ld/n", pTcpTable->table[i].dwState);  } }   else {  printf("/tCall to GetTcpTable failed./n");                    LPVOID lpMsgBuf;                   if (FormatMessage(     FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |     FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |     FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,     NULL,     dwRetVal,     MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), // Default language     (LPTSTR) &lpMsgBuf,     0,     NULL ))  {     printf("/tError: %s", lpMsgBuf);  }  LocalFree( lpMsgBuf ); }

 

使用完这个函数后可以看 dwState来确定状态。例如：

MIB_TCP_STATE_CLOSED     == closed

MIB_TCP_STATE_LISTEN     == Listening

MIB_TCP_STATE_SYN_SENT  == SYN Sent

MIB_TCP_STATE_SYN_RCVD  == SYN Received

MIB_TCP_STATE_ESTAB      == Established

MIB_TCP_STATE_FIN_WAIT1 == Waiting for FIN

MIB_TCP_STATE_FIN_WAIT2 == Waiting for FIN

MIB_TCP_STATE_CLOSE_WAIT         == Waiting for Close

MIB_TCP_STATE_CLOSING    == Closing

MIB_TCP_STATE_LAST_ACK  == Last ACK

MIB_TCP_STATE_TIME_WAIT == Time Wait

MIB_TCP_STATE_DELETE_TCB         == TCB deleted