Java通过反射创建运行时类的对象,以及调用对象里被封装的方法
person类如下:
public class Person {
private String name;
public int age;
public Person(String name,int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
private Person(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public Person(){
System.out.println("Person()");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println("输出下一条语句,你会获得金币");
}
private String showNext(String next){
System.out.println("再试一试,你可以获得"+next+"枚金币");
return next;
}
}
创建运行时类的对象
public class testNewInstance {
//通过反射创建对应类的对象
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
test1();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void test1() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
Class clazz = Person.class;//此处的Person取决于你想调用的类名
// newInstance():调用此方法,创建对应的运行时类的对象
//内部调用了运行时的空参构造器
Person obj =(Person) clazz.newInstance();
System.out.println(obj);
//此调用方法想要实现必须运行时类必须提供空参构造器,访问权限通常设置为public
}
}
调用类中的构造器与方法
public class testReflection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
test1();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void test1() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class clazz = Person.class;
//通过反射来创建Person类的对象
//括号中填写类中含有的参数类型
Constructor cons = clazz.getConstructor(String.class,int.class);
Object obj= cons.newInstance("张三",12);
Person p = (Person) obj;
System.out.println(p.toString());
//2:通过反射,调用对象的指定的属性和方法
Field age= clazz.getDeclaredField("age");
age.set(p,10);
System.out.println(p.toString());
//调用方法,通过invoke
Method show = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("show");
show.invoke(p);
System.out.println("***************************");
//普通的调用不能调用私有结构,但是通过反射是可以调用person的私有结构的
//调用私有的构造器
Constructor cons1= clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
cons1.setAccessible(true);
Person p1 = (Person) cons1.newInstance("Jerry");
System.out.println(p1);
//调用私有的属性
Field name= clazz.getDeclaredField("name");
name.setAccessible(true);
name.set(p1,"并夕夕");
System.out.println(p1);
//调用私有的方法
Method method= clazz.getDeclaredMethod("showNext", String.class);
method.setAccessible(true);
//返回值为传入方法的值
String next=(String) method.invoke(p1,"九");
System.out.println(next);
}
}