CodeForces - 681C Heap Operations

C. Heap Operations
time limit per test
1 second
memory limit per test
256 megabytes
input
standard input
output
standard output

Petya has recently learned data structure named "Binary heap".

The heap he is now operating with allows the following operations:

  • put the given number into the heap;
  • get the value of the minimum element in the heap;
  • extract the minimum element from the heap;

Thus, at any moment of time the heap contains several integers (possibly none), some of them might be equal.

In order to better learn this data structure Petya took an empty heap and applied some operations above to it. Also, he carefully wrote down all the operations and their results to his event log, following the format:

  • insert x — put the element with value x in the heap;
  • getMin x — the value of the minimum element contained in the heap was equal to x;
  • removeMin — the minimum element was extracted from the heap (only one instance, if there were many).

All the operations were correct, i.e. there was at least one element in the heap each time getMin or removeMin operations were applied.

While Petya was away for a lunch, his little brother Vova came to the room, took away some of the pages from Petya's log and used them to make paper boats.

Now Vova is worried, if he made Petya's sequence of operations inconsistent. For example, if one apply operations one-by-one in the order they are written in the event log, results of getMin operations might differ from the results recorded by Petya, and some ofgetMin or removeMin operations may be incorrect, as the heap is empty at the moment they are applied.

Now Vova wants to add some new operation records to the event log in order to make the resulting sequence of operations correct. That is, the result of each getMin operation is equal to the result in the record, and the heap is non-empty when getMin ad removeMinare applied. Vova wants to complete this as fast as possible, as the Petya may get back at any moment. He asks you to add the least possible number of operation records to the current log. Note that arbitrary number of operations may be added at the beginning, between any two other operations, or at the end of the log.

Input

The first line of the input contains the only integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100 000) — the number of the records left in Petya's journal.

Each of the following n lines describe the records in the current log in the order they are applied. Format described in the statement is used. All numbers in the input are integers not exceeding 109 by their absolute value.

Output

The first line of the output should contain a single integer m — the minimum possible number of records in the modified sequence of operations.

Next m lines should contain the corrected sequence of records following the format of the input (described in the statement), one per line and in the order they are applied. All the numbers in the output should be integers not exceeding 109 by their absolute value.

Note that the input sequence of operations must be the subsequence of the output sequence.

It's guaranteed that there exists the correct answer consisting of no more than 1 000 000 operations.

Examples
input
2
insert 3
getMin 4
output
4
insert 3
removeMin
insert 4
getMin 4
input
4
insert 1
insert 1
removeMin
getMin 2
output
6
insert 1
insert 1
removeMin
removeMin
insert 2
getMin 2
Note

In the first sample, after number 3 is inserted into the heap, the minimum number is 3. To make the result of the first getMin equal to 4one should firstly remove number 3 from the heap and then add number 4 into the heap.

In the second sample case number 1 is inserted two times, so should be similarly removed twice.



题意:模拟一个最小堆,给出n个操作,要求在其中添加操作使得题目中给定的操作都正确


思路:建一个最小堆模拟一下,用vector来存储操作的过程,根据不同情况做相应操作,详细见代码

交G++超时,交G++14可以过....


#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#define ll long long
#define mod 1000000007
using namespace std;
struct node
{
	string s;
	int x;
}zz;
vector<struct node>v;
priority_queue<int,vector<int>,greater<int> >q;
int main()
{
	int t;
	cin>>t;
	while(t--)
	{
		string s;
		int x;
		cin>>s;
		if(s!="removeMin")
		cin>>x;
		if(s=="insert")
		{
			q.push(x);
			zz.s=s;
			zz.x=x;
			v.push_back(zz);
		}
		else if(s=="removeMin")
		{
			if(!q.empty())
			{
				q.pop();
				zz.s=s;
				zz.x=x;
				v.push_back(zz);
			}
			else
			{
				zz.s="insert";
				zz.x=1;
				v.push_back(zz);
				zz.s="removeMin";
				v.push_back(zz);
			}
		}
		else if(s=="getMin")
		{
			while(!q.empty()&&q.top()<x)
			{
				zz.s="removeMin";
				v.push_back(zz);
				q.pop();
			}
			if(!q.empty()&&x==q.top())
			{
				zz.s=s;
				zz.x=x;
				v.push_back(zz);
			}
			else
			{
				q.push(x);
				zz.s="insert";
				zz.x=x;
				v.push_back(zz);
				zz.s="getMin";
				zz.x=x;
				v.push_back(zz);
			}
		}
	}
	printf("%d\n",v.size());
	for(int i=0;i<v.size();i++)
	{
		if(v[i].s[0]!='r')
		{
			cout<<v[i].s<<' '<<v[i].x<<endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout<<v[i].s<<endl;
		}
	}
}


引用\[1\]中提到了一种树形动态规划的方法来解决CodeForces - 982C问题。在这个问题中,subtree指的是子连通块,而不是子树。为了使cnt_white - cnt_black尽可能大,可以使用两次树形动态规划来求解。第一次是自底向上的过程,维护一个dp数组,表示以每个节点为根的子树中的最大连通块。第二次是自顶向下的过程,处理自底向上过程中无法包含的树链所代表的子树。在第二次遍历中,需要维护一个sum变量,用于存储树链所代表的子树的贡献。根据ans\[u\]的正负,决定是否能对相邻的子节点做出贡献。如果ans\[u\]为正,则减去dp\[v\]就是树链所代表的子树的权值。最终,ans\[u\]代表包含节点u在内的子连通块的最大权值。\[1\] 问题: CodeForces - 982C 树形DP是什么问题?如何解决? 回答: CodeForces - 982C是一个树形动态规划问题。在这个问题中,需要求解子连通块的最大权值和,使得cnt_white - cnt_black尽可能大。解决这个问题的方法是使用两次树形动态规划。第一次是自底向上的过程,维护一个dp数组,表示以每个节点为根的子树中的最大连通块。第二次是自顶向下的过程,处理自底向上过程中无法包含的树链所代表的子树。在第二次遍历中,需要维护一个sum变量,用于存储树链所代表的子树的贡献。根据ans\[u\]的正负,决定是否能对相邻的子节点做出贡献。最终,ans\[u\]代表包含节点u在内的子连通块的最大权值。\[1\] #### 引用[.reference_title] - *1* *2* [CodeForces - 1324F Maximum White Subtree(树形dp)](https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45458915/article/details/104831678)[target="_blank" data-report-click={"spm":"1018.2226.3001.9630","extra":{"utm_source":"vip_chatgpt_common_search_pc_result","utm_medium":"distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-cask-2~all~insert_cask~default-1-null.142^v91^koosearch_v1,239^v3^insert_chatgpt"}} ] [.reference_item] [ .reference_list ]
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