Spring Cloud和Dubbo的区别及各自的优缺点

本文，我们为你揭秘Spring Boot自动配置（Auto Configuration）运行机制，谈到auto-configuration，肯定离不开@EnableAutoConfiguration注解。

package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure;

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

   Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
   String[] excludeName() default {};
}

这里涉及了两个元注解： @AutoConfigurationPackage, @Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)，其中@AutoConfigurationPackage定义如下：

package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure;

import ....

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {

}

@AutoConfigurationPackage注解定义中使用了@Import元注解，注解属性value取值为AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class，AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar类实现了接口ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar

@Import注解可以接受以下几种定义类型的Java类
使用@Configuration注解的类
ImportSelector实现类：以代码方式处理@Configuration注解类
DeferredImportSelector实现类：与ImportSelector类似，区别在于处理操作被延迟到所有其他配置项都处理完毕再进行。
ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar实现类

AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar会向Spring容器注册Bean，Bean本身会存储用户自定义配置包列表。Spring Boot 本身会使用这个列表。例如：对于spring-boot-autoconfigure数据访问配置类，可以通过静态方法：AutoConfigurationPackages.get(BeanFactory)来获取到这个配置列表，下面是示例代码。

package com.logicbig.example;

import ...

@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class AutoConfigurationPackagesTest {

   public static void main (String[] args) {

       SpringApplication app =
                     new SpringApplication(AutoConfigurationPackagesTest.class);
       app.setBannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF);
       app.setLogStartupInfo(false);
       ConfigurableApplicationContext c = app.run(args);
       List<String> packages = AutoConfigurationPackages.get(c);
       System.out.println("packages: "+packages);
   }
}

代码输出如下：

2017-01-03 10:17:37.372  INFO 10752 --- [           main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@67b467e9: startup date [Tue Jan 03 10:17:37 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-03 10:17:38.155  INFO 10752 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
packages: [com.logicbig.example]
2017-01-03 10:17:38.170  INFO 10752 --- [       Thread-1] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@67b46