分析:
前面几个驱动都是获得按键值:
-
.查询:应用程序很耗资源
-
.中断:使用read()函数获取
-
.poll: 指定超时时间
他们的共同点是:
都是应用程序主动去读或者查询
疑问:
是否有驱动主动告诉应用程序
答案:
有,使用异步通知机制signal发信号
进程间发信号:
Kill -9 PID
发送 9 接收
Kill -USR1 PID
要点:
-
注册信号处理函数
-
谁发
-
发给谁
-
怎么发
Example:
Signal.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
staticint cnt = 0;
printf("signal= %d , %d times \n",signum,++cnt);
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
signal(SIGUSR1,my_signal_fun);
while(1)
{
sleep(1000);
}
return0;
}
Ps
…
5770 0:00 [flush-0:12]
6170 0:00 ./signal
6180 0:00 ps
/ # kill -USR1 617
/ # signal = 10 , 1 times
/ # kill -USR1 617
/ # signal = 10 , 2 times
/ # kill -USR1 617
/ # signal = 10 , 3 times
目标:按下按键时,驱动通知应用程序
-
应用程序:注册信号处理函数
-
谁发:驱动
-
发给谁:发给APP的PID
-
怎么发:用kill_fasync函数法
为了使设备支持异步通知机制,驱动程序中涉及以下3项工作:
1. 支持F_SETOWN命令,能在这个控制命令处理中设置filp->f_owner为对应进程ID。
不过此项工作已由内核完成,设备驱动无须处理。
2. 支持F_SETFL命令的处理,每当FASYNC标志改变时,驱动程序中的fasync()函数将得以执行。
驱动中应该实现fasync()函数。
3. 在设备资源可获得时,调用kill_fasync()函数激发相应的信号
应用程序:
fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid()); // 告诉内核,发给谁
Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC); // 改变fasync标记,最终会调用到驱动的faync> fasync_helper:初始化/释放fasync_struct
驱动代码:
fifth_drv.c
/*
*功能:中断驱动,在按键驱动基础上修改,原理图见按键驱动,增加poll机制,增加异步通知机制
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
//#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
//#include <mach/hardware.h>
#include <mach/gpio.h>
#include <mach/hardware.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
int major;
const char *major_name = "fifth_drv";
const char *minor_name = "button";
static struct class *fifthdrv_class;
static struct class_device *fifthdrv_class_dev;
volatile unsigned long *gpncon = NULL;
volatile unsigned long *gpndat = NULL;
//声明一个按键的等待队列
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);
/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,fifth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;
//异步
static struct fasync_struct *button_fasync;
struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};
/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;
/*
* K1,K2,K3,K4对应GPN0,GPGN1,GPN2,GPN3
*/
/*
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C64XX_GPN0_EINT0, 0x01},
{S3C64XX_GPN1_EINT1, 0x02},
{S3C64XX_GPN2_EINT2, 0x03},
{S3C64XX_GPN3_EINT3, 0x04},
};
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{0, 0x01},
{1, 0x02},
{2, 0x03},
{3, 0x04},
};
*/
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C64XX_GPN(0), 0x01},
{S3C64XX_GPN(1), 0x02},
{S3C64XX_GPN(2), 0x03},
{S3C64XX_GPN(3), 0x04},
};
/*
* 确定按键值
*中断处理程序,并置标志位为1,唤醒等待队列上等待的进程,注册用户中断处理函数,设置触发方式为双边沿触发
*/
static irqreturn_t button_irq(int irq,void *dev_id)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
unsigned int pinval;
// pinval = ioread32(S3C64XX_GPNDAT);
// pinval = gpio_get_value(S3C64XX_GPN(pindesc->pin));/* 读取中断引脚的状态 */
pinval = gpio_get_value(pindesc->pin);/* 读取中断引脚的状态 */
/* 确定按键值 */
if (pinval)
{
/* 松开 */
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
/* 按下 */
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}
ev_press = 1; /* 表示中断发生了 */
wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq); /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
kill_fasync(&button_fasync,SIGIO,POLL_IN);//发信号
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}
/* open函数 */
static int fifth_drv_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *file)
{
/* 配置GPN0、1、2、3为输入(配置为0) */
// *gpncon &=~((0x3<<(0*2)) | (0x3<<(1*2)) | (0x3<<(2*2)) | (0x3<<(3*2)));//清零寄存器
request_irq(IRQ_EINT(0),button_irq,IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH,"K1",&pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT(1),button_irq,IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH,"K2",&pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT(2),button_irq,IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH,"K3",&pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT(3),button_irq,IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH,"K4",&pins_desc[3]);
// request_irq(IRQ_EINT(4),button_irq,IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH,"K4",1);
return 0;
}
/* read函数 */
static ssize_t fifth_drv_read(struct file *file,char __user *buf,size_t size,loff_t *ppos)
{
if(size != 1)
return -EINVAL;
/* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
ev_press = 0;//重新清0
return 1;
}
static unsigned fifth_drv_poll(struct file *file,poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
/* 不会立即休眠 只是将进程挂到key_waitq队列, 并不会休眠 */
poll_wait(file,&button_waitq,wait);
if(ev_press)//如果没有中断产生
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
// printk("\t*******************\n\tpoll\n\t***********************\n");
return mask;
}
//主要是卸载用户中断处理程序
int fifth_drv_close(struct inode* inode,struct file* file)
{
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(0),&pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(1),&pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(2),&pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(3),&pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
static int fifth_drv_fasync(int fd,struct file *file,int on)
{
printk("dirver:fifth_drv_fasync\n");
return fasync_helper(fd,file,on,&button_fasync);//初始化结构button_fasync
}
/* 结构体 */
static struct file_operations fifth_drv_fops={
.owner = THIS_MODULE,/* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建到__this_module变量 */
.open = fifth_drv_open,
.read = fifth_drv_read,
.release = fifth_drv_close,
.poll = fifth_drv_poll,
.fasync = fifth_drv_fasync,
};
/* 入口函数 */
static int fifth_drv_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0,major_name,&fifth_drv_fops);
if(major < 0)
{
printk("Can't register major number\n");
return major;
}
/* 自动生成设备节点机制,获取系统消息,cat /proc/class会发现 first_drv */
fifthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, major_name);
/* register your own device in sysfs, and this will cause udev to create corresponding device node */
fifthdrv_class_dev = device_create( fifthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0),NULL, minor_name );
/* 地址映射 */
gpncon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x7F008830,16);
gpndat = gpncon + 1;//指针加1
return 0;
}
/* 出口函数 */
static void fifth_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major,major_name);
device_unregister(fifthdrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(fifthdrv_class);
iounmap(gpncon);
}
module_init(fifth_drv_init);
module_exit(fifth_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
Makefile:
obj-m := fifth_drv.o
KER_DIR := /work/work/linux/
all:
$(MAKE) -C $(KER_DIR) M=`pwd` modules
# cp first_drv.ko /work/tftpboot/
cp fifth_drv.ko /work/nfsroot/
echo $^
clean:
make -C $(KER_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
test.c:
/*
*功能:在一定时间内没有按键中断,也返回
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
int fd;
/*test
*/
void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
unsigned char key_vals;
read(fd,&key_vals,1);
printf("key_vals = 0x%x\n",key_vals);
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int Oflags ;
fd = open("/dev/button",O_RDWR);
if(fd < 0)
{
printf("can't opent /dev/button\n");
return 0;
}
signal(SIGIO,my_signal_fun);
fcntl(fd,F_SETOWN,getpid());
Oflags = fcntl(fd,F_GETFL);
fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,Oflags|FASYNC);
while(1)
{
sleep(1000);
}
return 0;
}
结果:
/ # insmod fifth_drv.ko
/ # ./test &
/ # dirver:fifth_drv_fasync
key_vals = 0x1
key_vals = 0x1
key_vals = 0x1
key_vals = 0x81
key_vals = 0x2
key_vals = 0x2
key_vals = 0x2