前面文章,我们实现了框架的一部分功能,包括日志类和浏览器引擎类的封装,今天我们继续封装一个基类和介绍如何实现POM。关于基类,是这样定义的:把一些常见的页面操作的selenium封装到base_page.py这个类文件,以后每个POM中的页面类,都继承这个基类,这样每个页面类都有基类的方法,这个我们会在这篇文章实现。
1. 在实现封装基类里,我们实现了元素八大方式的定位和截图类封装。具体项目层级结构如下图。
2. 基类base_page.py的具体实现代码,这里就封装了几个常用方法,其他方法,你自己去练习封装下。
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# coding=utf-8
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import time
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from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
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import os.path
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from framework.logger import Logger
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# create a logger instance
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logger = Logger(logger= "BasePage").getlog()
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class BasePage(object):
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"""
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定义一个页面基类,让所有页面都继承这个类,封装一些常用的页面操作方法到这个类
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"""
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def __init__(self, driver):
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self.driver = driver
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# quit browser and end testing
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def quit_browser(self):
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self.driver.quit()
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# 浏览器前进操作
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def forward(self):
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self.driver.forward()
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logger.info( "Click forward on current page.")
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# 浏览器后退操作
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def back(self):
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self.driver.back()
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logger.info( "Click back on current page.")
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# 隐式等待
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def wait(self, seconds):
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self.driver.implicitly_wait(seconds)
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logger.info( "wait for %d seconds." % seconds)
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# 点击关闭当前窗口
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def close(self):
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try:
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self.driver.close()
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logger.info( "Closing and quit the browser.")
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except NameError as e:
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logger.error( "Failed to quit the browser with %s" % e)
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# 保存图片
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def get_windows_img(self):
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"""
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在这里我们把file_path这个参数写死,直接保存到我们项目根目录的一个文件夹.\Screenshots下
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"""
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file_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath( '.')) + '/screenshots/'
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rq = time.strftime( '%Y%m%d%H%M', time.localtime(time.time()))
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screen_name = file_path + rq + '.png'
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try:
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self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screen_name)
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logger.info( "Had take screenshot and save to folder : /screenshots")
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except NameError as e:
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logger.error( "Failed to take screenshot! %s" % e)
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self.get_windows_img()
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# 定位元素方法
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def find_element(self, selector):
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"""
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这个地方为什么是根据=>来切割字符串,请看页面里定位元素的方法
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submit_btn = "id=>su"
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login_lnk = "xpath => //*[@id='u1']/a[7]" # 百度首页登录链接定位
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如果采用等号,结果很多xpath表达式中包含一个=,这样会造成切割不准确,影响元素定位
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:param selector:
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:return: element
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"""
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element = ''
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if '=>' not in selector:
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return self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector)
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selector_by = selector.split( '=>')[ 0]
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selector_value = selector.split( '=>')[ 1]
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if selector_by == "i" or selector_by == 'id':
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try:
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element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector_value)
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logger.info( "Had find the element \' %s \' successful "
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"by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value))
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except NoSuchElementException as e:
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logger.error( "NoSuchElementException: %s" % e)
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self.get_windows_img() # take screenshot
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elif selector_by == "n" or selector_by == 'name':
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element = self.driver.find_element_by_name(selector_value)
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elif selector_by == "c" or selector_by == 'class_name':
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element = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(selector_value)
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elif selector_by == "l" or selector_by == 'link_text':
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element = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(selector_value)
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elif selector_by == "p" or selector_by == 'partial_link_text':
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element = self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(selector_value)
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elif selector_by == "t" or selector_by == 'tag_name':
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element = self.driver.find_element_by_tag_name(selector_value)
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elif selector_by == "x" or selector_by == 'xpath':
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try:
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element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(selector_value)
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logger.info( "Had find the element \' %s \' successful "
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"by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value))
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except NoSuchElementException as e:
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logger.error( "NoSuchElementException: %s" % e)
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self.get_windows_img()
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elif selector_by == "s" or selector_by == 'selector_selector':
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element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value)
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else:
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raise NameError( "Please enter a valid type of targeting elements.")
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return element
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# 输入
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def type(self, selector, text):
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el = self.find_element(selector)
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el.clear()
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try:
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el.send_keys(text)
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logger.info( "Had type \' %s \' in inputBox" % text)
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except NameError as e:
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logger.error( "Failed to type in input box with %s" % e)
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self.get_windows_img()
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# 清除文本框
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def clear(self, selector):
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el = self.find_element(selector)
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try:
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el.clear()
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logger.info( "Clear text in input box before typing.")
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except NameError as e:
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logger.error( "Failed to clear in input box with %s" % e)
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self.get_windows_img()
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# 点击元素
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def click(self, selector):
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el = self.find_element(selector)
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try:
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el.click()
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logger.info( "The element \' %s \' was clicked." % el.text)
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except NameError as e:
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logger.error( "Failed to click the element with %s" % e)
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# 或者网页标题
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def get_page_title(self):
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logger.info( "Current page title is %s" % self.driver.title)
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return self.driver.title
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def sleep(seconds):
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time.sleep(seconds)
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logger.info( "Sleep for %d seconds" % seconds)
baidu_homepage.py
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# coding=utf-8
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from framework.base_page import BasePage
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class HomePage(BasePage):
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input_box = "id=>kw"
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search_submit_btn = "xpath=>//*[@id='su']"
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def type_search(self, text):
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self.type(self.input_box, text)
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def send_submit_btn(self):
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self.click(self.search_submit_btn)
4. 测试类的写法举例
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# coding=utf-8
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import time
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import unittest
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from framework.browser_engine import BrowserEngine
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from pageobjects.baidu_homepage import HomePage
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class BaiduSearch(unittest.TestCase):
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def setUp(self):
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"""
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测试固件的setUp()的代码,主要是测试的前提准备工作
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:return:
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"""
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browse = BrowserEngine(self)
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self.driver = browse.open_browser(self)
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def tearDown(self):
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"""
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测试结束后的操作,这里基本上都是关闭浏览器
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:return:
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"""
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self.driver.quit()
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def test_baidu_search(self):
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"""
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这里一定要test开头,把测试逻辑代码封装到一个test开头的方法里。
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:return:
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"""
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homepage = HomePage(self.driver)
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homepage.type_search( 'selenium') # 调用页面对象中的方法
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homepage.send_submit_btn() #调用页面对象类中的点击搜索按钮方法
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time.sleep( 2)
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homepage.get_windows_img() # 调用基类截图方法
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try:
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assert 'selenium' in homepage.get_page_title() # 调用页面对象继承基类中的获取页面标题方法
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print ( 'Test Pass.')
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except Exception as e:
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print ( 'Test Fail.', format(e))
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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unittest.main()
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homepage = HomePage(self.driver)
上面这行代码要注意,意思是,到一个页面,第一件事情是初始化这个页面的一个页面对象实例。注意,一定要带self.driver,不然会报错,这个self.driver,可以这样理解:在当前测试类里面,self.driver是来自浏览器引擎类中方法得到的,在初始化一个页面对象的时候,也把这个来自浏览器引擎类的driver给赋值给当前的页面对象,这样,才能执行页面对象或者基类里面的相关driver方法。写多了selenium的自动化脚本,你会明白,最重要的是保持前后driver的唯一性。
测试结果:会在logs文件夹生成一个日志文件,也会在screenshots文件夹生成一个png图片。