Linux I2C 核心

I2C 核心(drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c)中提供了一组不依赖于硬件平台的接口函数,这个文件一般不需要被工程师修改,但是理解其中的主要函数非常关键,因为 I2C 总线驱动和设备驱动之间依赖于 I2C 核心作为纽带。I2C 核心中的主要函数如下。

(1)增加/删除 i2c_adapter。

int i2c_add_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap);
int i2c_del_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap);

(2)增加/删除 i2c_driver。

int i2c_register_driver(struct module *owner, struct *driver);
int i2c_del_driver(struct i2c_driver *driver);
inline int i2c_add_driver(struct i2c_driver *driver);

(3)i2c_client 依附/脱离。

int i2c_attach_client(struct i2c_client *client);
int i2c_detach_client(struct i2c_client *client);

当一个具体的 client 被侦测到并被关联的时候,设备和 sysfs 文件将被注册。相反地,在 client 被取消关联的时候,sysfs 文件和设备也被注销,如代码如下所示：

int i2c_attach_client(struct i2c_client *client)
{
	struct i2c_adapter *adapter = client->adapter;
	int res = 0;

	mutex_lock(&adapter->clist_lock);
	if (__i2c_check_addr(client->adapter, client->addr)) {
		res = -EBUSY;
		goto out_unlock;
	}
	list_add_tail(&client->list,&adapter->clients);

	client->usage_count = 0;

	client->dev.parent = &client->adapter->dev;
	client->dev.bus = &i2c_bus_type;

	if (client->driver)
		client->dev.driver = &client->driver->driver;

	if (client->driver && !is_newstyle_driver(client->driver)) {
		client->dev.release = i2c_client_release;
		client->dev.uevent_suppress = 1;
	} else
		client->dev.release = i2c_client_dev_release;

	snprintf(&client->dev.bus_id[0], sizeof(client->dev.bus_id),
		"%d-%04x", i2c_adapter_id(adapter), client->addr);
	dev_dbg(&adapter->dev, "client [%s] registered with bus id %s\n",
		client->name, client->dev.bus_id);
	res = device_register(&client->dev);
	if (res)
		goto out_list;
	mutex_unlock(&adapter->clist_lock);

	if (adapter->client_register)  {
		if (adapter->client_register(client)) {
			dev_dbg(&adapter->dev, "client_register "
				"failed for client [%s] at 0x%02x\n",
				client->name, client->addr);
		}
	}

	return 0;

out_list:
	list_del(&client->list);
	dev_err(&adapter->dev, "Failed to attach i2c client %s at 0x%02x "
		"(%d)\n", client->name, client->addr, res);
out_unlock:
	mutex_unlock(&adapter->clist_lock);
	return res;
}

(4)I2C 传输、发送和接收。

int i2c_transfer(struct i2c_adapter * adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num);
int i2c_master_send(struct i2c_client *client,const char *buf ,int count);
int i2c_master_recv(struct i2c_client *client, char *buf ,int count);

i2c_transfer() 函 数 用 于 进 行 I2C 适 配 器 和 I2C 设 备 之 间 的 一 组 消 息 交 互 ,
i2c_master_send()函数和 i2c_master_recv()函数内部会调用 i2c_transfer()函数分别完成一条写消息和一条读消息

代码如下：

i2c_master_send

int i2c_master_send(struct i2c_client *client,const char *buf ,int count)
{
	int ret;
	struct i2c_adapter *adap=client->adapter;
	struct i2c_msg msg;
        //构造一个写消息
	msg.addr = client->addr;
	msg.flags = client->flags & I2C_M_TEN;
	msg.len = count;
	msg.buf = (char *)buf;
        //传输消息
	ret = i2c_transfer(adap, &msg, 1);

	/* If everything went ok (i.e. 1 msg transmitted), return #bytes
	   transmitted, else error code. */
	return (ret == 1) ? count : ret;
}

i2c_master_recv

int i2c_master_recv(struct i2c_client *client, char *buf ,int count)
{
	struct i2c_adapter *adap=client->adapter;
	struct i2c_msg msg;
	int ret;
        //构造一个读消息
	msg.addr = client->addr;
	msg.flags = client->flags & I2C_M_TEN;
	msg.flags |= I2C_M_RD;
	msg.len = count;
	msg.buf = buf;
        //传输消息
	ret = i2c_transfer(adap, &msg, 1);

	/* If everything went ok (i.e. 1 msg transmitted), return #bytes
	   transmitted, else error code. */
	return (ret == 1) ? count : ret;
}

i2c_transfer()函数本身不具备驱动适配器物理硬件完成消息交互的能力,它只是寻找到 i2c_adapter 对应的 i2c_algorithm,并使用 i2c_algorithm 的 master_xfer()函数真正驱动硬件流程,
i2c_transfer

int i2c_transfer(struct i2c_adapter * adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num)
{
	int ret;

	if (adap->algo->master_xfer) {
#ifdef DEBUG
		for (ret = 0; ret < num; ret++) {
			dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "master_xfer[%d] %c, addr=0x%02x, "
				"len=%d%s\n", ret, (msgs[ret].flags & I2C_M_RD)
				? 'R' : 'W', msgs[ret].addr, msgs[ret].len,
				(msgs[ret].flags & I2C_M_RECV_LEN) ? "+" : "");
		}
#endif

		mutex_lock_nested(&adap->bus_lock, adap->level);
		ret = adap->algo->master_xfer(adap,msgs,num);//调用algo中的master_xfer函数进行硬件驱动
		mutex_unlock(&adap->bus_lock);

		return ret;
	} else {
		dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "I2C level transfers not supported\n");
		return -ENOSYS;
	}
}