17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number

Given a digit string, return all possible letter combinations that the number could represent.

A mapping of digit to letters (just like on the telephone buttons) is given below.

Input:Digit string "23"
Output: ["ad", "ae", "af", "bd", "be", "bf", "cd", "ce", "cf"].

Note:
Although the above answer is in lexicographical order, your answer could be in any order you want.

主要思路

这道题很简单,只要遍历就可以了。但是我在Discuss区里看到一个挺有意思的解法,给大家分享一下。原解法请戳https://leetcode.com/discuss/101036/youll-regret-trick-solution-without-recursion-while-lines。

这里假设我们对每个数字代表的数字分别进行编号,那对于string "23"我们所得到的答案分别是 00,01,02,10,11,12,20,21,22。看到这里我想大家可能稍微会联想到一点东西。这些数字就像3进制的0到5。当然不失一般性的,如果我们将字母串转换成数字串,我们将可以得到N个数字串,它们的十进制值落在0到N-1中,而它们应该是一种“混合进制”表示。所以现在的问题就是如何将一个十进制的数字n转换成一个混合进制的数,当然我们知道每一位对应的进制应该为该位的数字对应的字母总数,如“23”中2应该是对应3进制,而3也应该是对应3进制。值得注意的是例如之前的"12"的值应该是1*3+2,其中1*3中的3来自“def”对应的3。这应该不难理解,1对应的权值来自低它一位的进制。

所以代码的核心部分,应该如下:

vector<string> solve(string s)
{
	const char *num_letters[12] = {" ","","abc","def","ghi","jkl","mno","pqrs","tuv","wxyz",};
	const int  lens[12] = {  1, 0,    3,    3,    3,    3,    3,     4,    3,    4,};
	vector<string> aVec;
	string::iterator ptr = s.begin();
	for(;ptr!=s.end();ptr++)<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>//输入中有1时不能转换
		if(*ptr=='1')
			return aVec;
	const int len = s.size();
	int ansID = 0;
	while(1)
	{
		int n = ansID++;
		string str;
		for(int i=len-1;i>=0;i--)
		{
			int tmp = s[i]-'0';
			str = num_letters[tmp][n%lens[tmp]] + str;
			n /= lens[tmp];
		}
		if(n)	break;<span style="white-space:pre">				</span>//此时ansID >= N
		aVec.push_back(str);
	}
}





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(Telephone Number Word Generator) Standard telephone keypads contain the digits 0 through 9. The numbers 2 through 9 each have three letters associated with them, as is indicated by the following table: Many people find it difficult to memorize phone numbers, so they use the correspondence between digits and letters to develop seven-letter words that correspond to their phone numbers. For example, a person whose telephone number is 686-2377 might use the correspondence indi- cated in the above table to develop the seven-letter word “NUMBERS.” Businesses frequently attempt to get telephone numbers that are easy for their clients to remember. If a business can advertise a simple word for its customers to dial, then no doubt the business will receive a few more calls. Each seven-letter word corresponds to exactly one seven-digit telephone number. The restaurant wishing to increase its take-home business could surely do so with the number 825-3688 (i.e., “TAKEOUT”). Each seven-digit phone number corresponds to many separate seven-letter words. Unfortunately, most of these represent unrecognizable juxtaposi- tions of letters. It’s possible, however, that the owner of a barber shop would be pleased to know that the shop’s telephone number, 424-7288, corresponds to “HAIRCUT.” A veterinarian with the phone number 738-2273 would be happy to know that the number corresponds to “PETCARE.” Write a program that, given a seven-digit number, writes to a file every possible seven-letter word corresponding to that number. There are 2187 (3 to the seventh power) such words. Avoid phone numbers with the digits 0 and 1.
06-09
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