iOS多线程 nsthread

iPhone 中的线程应用并不是无节制的，官方给出的资料显示iPhone OS下的主线程的堆栈大小是1M，第二个线程开始都是512KB。并且该值不能通过编译器开关或线程API函数来更改。

　　只有主线程有直接修改UI的能力。

一、 NSOperation和NSOperationQueue

　　1、一个继承自  NSOperation的操作类，该类的实现中必须有 - (void)main方法的。

　　2、使用NSOperation的最简单方法就是将其放入NSOperationQueue中。

　　　　一旦一个操作被加入队列，该队列就会启动并开始处理它（即调用该操作类的main方法）。一旦该操作完成队列就会释放它。

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. self.queue = [[NSOperationQueuealloc] init]; 
2.  
3. 　ArticleParseOperation *parser = [[ArticleParseOperationalloc] initWithData:filePathdelegate:self]; 
4.  
5. 　[queue addOperation:parser]; 
6.  
7. 　[parser release]; 
8.  
9. [queuerelease]; 

　　　　 self.queue = [[NSOperationQueuealloc] init];

    　　ArticleParseOperation *parser = [[ArticleParseOperationalloc] initWithData:filePathdelegate:self];

    　　[queue addOperation:parser];

    　　[parser release];

　　　　 [queuerelease];

　　3、可以给操作队列设置最多同事运行的操作数： [queue setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:2];

二、NSThread<转>

一、线程创建与启动
线程创建主要有二种方式：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. - (id)init; // designated initializer 
2. - (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(id)argument; 

- (id)init;	// designated initializer
- (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(id)argument;

当然，还有一种比较特殊，就是使用所谓的convenient method，这个方法可以直接生成一个线程并启动它，而且无需为线程的清理负责。这个方法的接口是：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. + (void)detachNewThreadSelector:(SEL)aSelector toTarget:(id)aTarget withObject:(id)anArgument 

+ (void)detachNewThreadSelector:(SEL)aSelector toTarget:(id)aTarget withObject:(id)anArgument

前两种方法创建后，需要手机启动，启动的方法是：

[c] view plain copy print ?

1. <span>-</span> <span>(</span><span>void</span><span>)</span>start<span>;</span> 

- (void)start;

二、线程的同步与锁
要说明线程的同步与锁，最好的例子可能就是多个窗口同时售票的售票系统了。我们知道在java中，使用synchronized来同步，而iphone虽然没有提供类似java下的synchronized关键字，但提供了NSCondition对象接口。查看NSCondition的接口说明可以看出，NSCondition是iphone下的锁对象，所以我们可以使用NSCondition实现iphone中的线程安全。这是来源于网上的一个例子：
SellTicketsAppDelegate.h 文件

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. //  SellTicketsAppDelegate.h 
2. import <UIKit/UIKit.h> 
3.   
4. @interface SellTicketsAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> { 
5.      int tickets; 
6.      int count; 
7.      NSThread* ticketsThreadone; 
8.      NSThread* ticketsThreadtwo; 
9.      NSCondition* ticketsCondition; 
10.      UIWindow *window; 
11. } 
12. @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window; 
13. @end 

//  SellTicketsAppDelegate.h
import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
 
@interface SellTicketsAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {
     int tickets;
     int count;
     NSThread* ticketsThreadone;
     NSThread* ticketsThreadtwo;
     NSCondition* ticketsCondition;
     UIWindow *window;
 }
@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;
@end

SellTicketsAppDelegate.m 文件

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. //  SellTicketsAppDelegate.m 
2. import "SellTicketsAppDelegate.h" 
3.   
4. @implementation SellTicketsAppDelegate 
5. @synthesize window; 
6.   
7. - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { 
8.      tickets = 100; 
9.      count = 0; 
10.      // 锁对象 
11.      ticketCondition = [[NSCondition alloc] init]; 
12.      ticketsThreadone = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil]; 
13.      [ticketsThreadone setName:@"Thread-1"]; 
14.      [ticketsThreadone start];   
15.   
16.   
17.      ticketsThreadtwo = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil]; 
18.      [ticketsThreadtwo setName:@"Thread-2"]; 
19.      [ticketsThreadtwo start]; 
20.      //[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run) toTarget:self withObject:nil]; 
21.       // Override point for customization after application launch 
22.      [window makeKeyAndVisible];  
23.   
24. } 
25.   
26. - (void)run{ 
27.      while (TRUE) { 
28.         // 上锁 
29.          [ticketsCondition lock]; 
30.          if(tickets > 0){ 
31.              [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.5]; 
32.              count = 100 - tickets; 
33.              NSLog(@"当前票数是:%d,售出:%d,线程名:%@",tickets,count,[[NSThread currentThread] name]); 
34.              tickets--; 
35.          }else{ 
36.              break; 
37.          } 
38.          [ticketsCondition unlock]; 
39.      } 
40. } 
41.   
42. - (void)dealloc { 
43.     [ticketsThreadone release]; 
44.      [ticketsThreadtwo release]; 
45.      [ticketsCondition release];  
46.      [window release]; 
47.      [super dealloc]; 
48. } 
49. @end 

//  SellTicketsAppDelegate.m
import "SellTicketsAppDelegate.h"
 
@implementation SellTicketsAppDelegate
@synthesize window;
 
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
     tickets = 100;
     count = 0;
     // 锁对象
     ticketCondition = [[NSCondition alloc] init];
     ticketsThreadone = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
     [ticketsThreadone setName:@"Thread-1"];
     [ticketsThreadone start];  
 
 
     ticketsThreadtwo = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
     [ticketsThreadtwo setName:@"Thread-2"];
     [ticketsThreadtwo start];
     //[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
      // Override point for customization after application launch
     [window makeKeyAndVisible]; 
 
 }
 
- (void)run{
     while (TRUE) {
     	// 上锁
         [ticketsCondition lock];
         if(tickets > 0){
             [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.5];
             count = 100 - tickets;
             NSLog(@"当前票数是:%d,售出:%d,线程名:%@",tickets,count,[[NSThread currentThread] name]);
             tickets--;
         }else{
             break;
         }
         [ticketsCondition unlock];
     }
 }
 
- (void)dealloc {
	[ticketsThreadone release];
     [ticketsThreadtwo release];
     [ticketsCondition release]; 
     [window release];
     [super dealloc];
}
@end

三、线程的交互
线程在运行过程中，可能需要与其它线程进行通信，如在主线程中修改界面等等，可以使用如下接口：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. - (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait 

- (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait

由于在本过程中，可能需要释放一些资源，则需要使用NSAutoreleasePool来进行管理,如：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. - (void)startTheBackgroundJob { 
2.     NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; 
3.     // to do something in your thread job 
4.     ... 
5.     [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(makeMyProgressBarMoving) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO]; 
6.     [pool release]; 
7. } 

- (void)startTheBackgroundJob {
    NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
    // to do something in your thread job
    ...
    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(makeMyProgressBarMoving) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
    [pool release];
}

如果你什么都不考虑，在线程函数内调用 autorelease 、那么会出现下面的错误：
NSAutoReleaseNoPool(): Object 0x********* of class NSConreteData autoreleased with no pool in place ….

四、关于线程池，大家可以查看NSOperation的相关资料。

原帖： http://www.voland.com.cn/iphone-in-the-multi-threaded-programming